question

Sahle Sellassie

answer

From Wardena, Ethiopia; wrote Shinega's Village: Scenes of Ethiopian Life (first Ethiopian novel to be published in English); setting is similar to his town (Wardena); conflict is modern society vs. traditional society.

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Camara Laye

answer

From northern Guinea; Koranic education-; engineering-; writing; wrote The African Child, an autobiographical sketch of his childhood.

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Mark Mathabane

answer

From Alexandra, South Africa; very poor, grew up in the ghetto, apartheid; went to America because of a tennis scholarship; wrote Kaffir Boy and Miriam's Song.

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Clive Staples Lewis

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From Belfast, Ireland; taught at Oxford and Cambridge; wrote in many genres including poetry, and adult's and children's fiction; wrote The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.

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J. K. Rowling

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From Edinburgh, Scotland; was a struggling mother; became successful when her first book was published; wrote Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.

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William Shakespeare

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From Stratford-upon-Avon, England; built a career as an actor; eventually began writing plays; wrote Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet, and Macbeth.

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Victor Hugo

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From Besancon, France; his father was in Napoleon's army so he traveled a lot as a kid; wrote Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

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Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

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From Hanau, Germany; brothers who often went to the woods and countryside to play; parents died; they studied hard and graduated top of their classes; interested in preserving German language and culture; wrote Grimms' Fairy Tales (The Tail of the Bear, The Fisherman and His Wife, The Hare and the Porcupine, The Frog Prince, The Adventures of Aladdin).

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Christopher Paul Curtis

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From Flint, Michigan; worked in a factory but really enjoyed writing; wrote The Watsons Go to Birmingham and Bud, Not Buddy (takes place in Flint).

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Jennifer L. Holm

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From Pennsylvania; discovered the diary of her great aunt in a suitcase in her grandmother's home; wrote Our Only May Amelia based on her aunt's experience being a Finnish girl on the frontier.

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Mark Twain

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From a small town in Florida; river-boat pilot-> traveling reporter-> married writer; wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and also Tom Sawyer.

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Mahatma Gandhi

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From India; developed Stayagraha (based on courage, nonviolence, and truth); very shy and honest in his youth; married to his wife at thirteen; helped free the Indian people from British rule; practiced extreme self-restraint; wrote Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule), an article about British rule in India, and My Experiments with Truth, his autobiography.

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Rudyard Kipling

answer

From India; English; spent his first five years in India; was sent to England; returned to India and worked as a journalist and children's story writer; believed in the British superiority; wrote Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (from the Jungle Book, Volume II).

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Aurora Morales

answer

From Puerto Rico, Jewish; influenced by feminist and Latin American writers; wrote Child of the Americas.

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Albert Wendt

answer

From Samoa; also lived in New Zealand; both places influenced his writing; taught at many colleges in the Pacific Islands; wrote Pouliuli, about friends named Osovae and Lemigao.

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Jamaica Kincaid

answer

From Antigua; changed her name because her family disapproved of her writing; later moved to study in New York; worked as a writer for a magazine; wrote At the Bottom of the River, an autobiographical book of her life as a young girl in Antigua; wrote Annie John, about her life as a teenager; and wrote A Small Place, which describes Antigua from a tourist's point of view.

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Pablo Neruda

answer

From Parral, Chile; Chile's most celebrated literary and political figure; communist political activist; won the 1971 Nobel Prize for Literature; wrote Ode to Tomatoes, Ode to Numbers, and Ode to a Chestnut on the Ground.

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Isabel Allende

answer

From Lima, Peru; raised in Chile; her stepfather was a diplomat so she traveled a lot as a child; worked as a journalist in Chile until her socialist uncle (president) was ousted; fled Chile with her family; taught at three universities in the US; wrote The House of the Spirits, and Daughter of Fortune.

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Novel

answer

A long fictional narrative written in prose, usually having many characters and a strong plot, or the sequence of related events that make up a story.

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Short story

answer

A fictional narrative written in prose, which is shorter than a novel.

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Historical novel

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A novel where the atmosphere, customs, and events of an actual historical period are created. Actual historical figures may even be included.

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Gothic novel

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A novel where there is an atmosphere of mystery and danger in a pleasing setting. There is usually some sort of threat combined with love interest for a romantic young heroine.

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Folk tale

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A short story handed down through oral traditions, with various tellers and groups modifying it, so that it acquires collective authorship. Most folktales eventually move from oral tradition to written form that sets forth strange and wonderful events in a summary, without much detailed character descriptions.

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Fairy tale

answer

A short story handed down through oral traditions, with various tellers and groups modifying it; however, by the time it is written, it often has a specific author.

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Mystery/Detective

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A work of fiction about a puzzling crime, a number of clues, and possibly a detective who solves the mystery.

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Science fiction

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Fiction with background of science, or something that appears to be science as an integral part of the story.

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Fantasy

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A genre of fiction with a conscious breaking free from reality. A work that takes place in a nonexistent and unreal world and has incredible and unreal characters.

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Adventure

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A genre of fiction in which action is stressed above character development or theme.

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Western

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A genre of fiction set in the western United States that deals with the lives of frontier men and women.

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Biography

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An account of someone's life, written by another person.

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Autobiography

answer

Someone's account of his or her own life.

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Essay

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A brief examination of a subject in prose, usually expressing a personal or limited view of the topic.

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Journals/Diaries

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A form of autobiographical writing that includes a day-by-day account of events and a record of personal impressions.

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Article

answer

A composition that is usually comparatively brief and deals with a single topic and typically appear in newspapers, magazines, journals, or encyclopedias.

question

Shinega's Village

answer

Shinega and his friend steal corn while watching Bala's calves, calves disappear, Bala gets his calves back from a nearby farmer (they had wandered away), Karwage (mom?) is worried Shinega hasn't come home, she finds him and they go home. Shinega's wedding day, Yivgyeta sent him shoes, he reluctantly wears them, Shinega goes to his bride's house with four men on mules, they arrive late at night, go through songs and traditions.

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The African Child

answer

Narrator explains his trips to visit his family in Tindican, loves his grandmother, always travels with his youngest uncle, uncle tells him about a new calf, he was excited to see him but never could run for too long and always slowed down, his uncle told him stories, when he arrived his grandmother picked him up. On the way to school the girls would bite, kick, and scratch if the boys pulled their hair, his sister's friend Fanta never hit him but he pulled her hair, he stopped pulling her hair and his sister made fun of him, transitions to explain his teacher and what school was like.

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Kaffir Boy

answer

Ellen's grandson is at the house, Clyde (son) asks Mrs. Smith (mother) why Clyde uses offensive language, Mrs. Smith talks with Ellen (black gardener) about how the bible says to accept everyone, narrator (black boy) compares his life to Clyde's as he is shown all of his toys, narrator is fascinated by the library but can't read a book by Shakespeare so Clyde makes fun of him and then is yelled at by Mrs. Smith, narrator aspires to prove Clyde wrong by learning to read, write, and speak as well as any white man.

question

Miriam's Song

answer

Mistress is inspecting the student's fingernails, the narrator is cowering with her friends Brenda, Penelope, Margaret, etc, Mistress inspects the narrator's fingernails and makes her sing the song, then whacks her nails with the ruler (Mama forgot to borrow the nail clipper cause she was fighting with Papa), the crying narrator wipes her tears and snot with her sleeve, Mistress whacks her on the forehead for not having a handkerchief, they are then inspected for having clean hair, the narrator is not whacked in the head because her hair is clean.

question

The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe

answer

Four children are sent from London to the countryside during WWII during the Blitz. They stay with an old professor who has this wardrobe. The children go into the wardrobe and it takes them to a magical land where it is always winter. There, the youngest sibling, Lucy, meets a faun named Mr. Tumnus. Lucy's brother, Edmund meets the queen and sees her elaborate sleigh. Lucy visits the Beavers snug little home. There is a good lion, Aslan, who is legendary.

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Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

answer

Harry Potter finds out he is wizard and he gets to go to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. At a flying lesson, Neville accidentally flies, crashes, and hurts himself. When Neville and Madam Hooch are gone, Draco Malfoy steals Neville's Remembral and Harry flies after him to stand up for Neville. Draco throws the ball and Harry catches it.

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Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

answer

Harry and his classmates are at their first Care of Magical Creatures Class where Hagrid is their teacher. Hagrid explains how to open their biting books and he introduces the class to hippogriffs, which are half-bird, half-horse animals. Harry volunteers to meet a hippogriff when no one else does.

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Romeo and Juliet

answer

It's the late 1500s in Verona, Italy. The Capulets and the Montagues have been fighting for years. The Capulets throw a huge part and Romeo and his friends sneak in. Romeo instantly falls in love with Juliet but they are unaware that they belong to enemy families. They find out and pursue their love anyway.

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Les Miserables

answer

After 19 years a prisoner, Jean Valjean is freed by Inspector Javert. A bishop takes Valjean in and Valjean steals his silver but the bishop lets him keep if it he will be a good man. Valjean breaks parole and makes himself into a new man, Monsieur Madeleine. He eventually takes in a girl named Cosette. When Madeleine lifts a cart off a man, Javert is convinced he is Jean Valjean and tells people only to be laughed at.

question

The Tail of the Bear

answer

A fox gets a box of fresh fish and a bear asks where the fox got the fish. The fox lies and says he made a hole in the ice and went fishing in the frozen lake with his tail. The bear goes fishing and no fish bite. Finally a fish bites, so the bear stands up and finds that his tail, frozen in the ice, had been torn off.

question

The Fisherman and His Wife

answer

A fisherman catches a magical fish and returns it to the ocean. When he tells his wife, she tells him he should've asked the fish for things. Each time the man asks for something, his wife always wants more. He asks the fish for a cottage, a stone castle, for his wife to be king, for his wife to be emperor, for his wife to be pope, and for his wife to be lord of the sun and moon. The fish grants each wish except the last one. At the last request, the fish sends the man back home to his pigsty.

question

The Hare and the Porcupine

answer

A little porcupine and a big hare agree that they will race each other to see who is faster. The porcupine and his twin brother outsmart the hare into thinking that the porcupine was faster and the hare leaves, extremely disgraced and ashamed.

question

The Frog Prince

answer

A princess loses her golden ball in a spring and makes a promise to a frog that if he retrieves it, she will love him and let him live with her. She didn't believe he was capable of such a thing, so she agreed and he got her ball. For the next three days, the frog eats and sleeps with the princess and finally, he changes into a prince and the princess marries him.

question

The Adventures of Aladdin

answer

Aladdin goes down in a manhole to retrieve a lamp for a strange man. Aladdin gets the lamp and tells the man to let him out first, but the man doesn't and shuts the manhole cover. As he shuts the cover, a ring slides off his finger, which Aladdin puts on his finger. All of a sudden a genie appears and as Aladdin wishes, takes him home to his mother. Aladdin's mother, the widow, is disappointed that Aladdin didn't get a coin but she takes the lamp and starts rubbing it. Out pops another genie who grants the family all their wishes and eventually helps Aladdin marry Halima, the Sultan's daughter. Halima doesn't know about the lamp and wants to get a new one and surprise Aladdin but she accidentally sells it to a wizard who sends Halima and Aladdin's palace to a far away land. Aladdin uses the genie ring to take him to Halima and he gives her a powder that puts the wizard to sleep. Aladdin finds the lamp and sends the wizard far away and the genie takes Halima, Aladdin, and the palace back to their kingdom.

question

Bud, Not Buddy

answer

Bud is in his first foster home and the family's son, Todd Amos is beating him up in Bud's room. Bud was asleep and Todd came into the room and shoved a TICONDEROGA pencil up Bud's nose. Bud tries to escape and hide under the bed and then Mrs. Amos walks in. Todd falls to the ground and lies, saying that Bud has been beating Todd up, so Mrs. Amos gets very angry at Bud. Mr. Amos gets Bud's suitcase and they force him to spend the night in the shed. They will let him eat breakfast in the morning and then they will send him back home. Mrs. Amos forces Bud to apologize and says that if he doesn't she will beat him.

question

Our Only May Amelia

answer

May Amelia is a twelve year old Finnish-American girl who lives on the banks of the Nasel River in Washington state. She has seven brothers. Her brother Isaiah takes her fishing and the two children see an Indian burial ceremony. The Indians are having a traditional funeral for an Indian woman and her baby so they place them in a hollowed-out canoe in a tree so she can paddle her way to the center of the earth. May tries to get a closer look but she accidentally steps in one of Kaarlo's animal traps and she can't get it off. The Indian who lost his wife and child frees her from the trap, carries her to his canoe, and takes her home to her family.

question

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

answer

Huck takes Miss Watson's runaway slave, Jim, on a raft on the Mississippi river, hoping to arrive in Cairo, Illinois where Jim will be free. Huck feels guilty for taking something that wasn't his (Jim) because Miss Watson was always nice to him and tried to educate him. When they arrive in Cairo, two men with guns ask who is aboard the raft because they are looking for runaway slaves. Huck lies and says his father is aboard and he is sick, so they shouldn't come near. The men freak out because they assume the father has smallpox and they don't want to get sick. They tell Huck to travel 20 miles on the river and he'll come across people who can help his father. They each give him twenty dollars and send him on his way. Jim is thankful and the two continue their journey.

question

Hind Swaraj

answer

Article on the British rule in India where a reader interviews the editor, who is Gandhi. The article explains passive resistance and non-violence. Passive resisters must be chaste and have control over their mind. Resisters must "observe perfect chastity, adopt poverty, follow truth, and cultivate fearlessness."

question

Rikki-Tikki-Tavi

answer

Rikki-Tikki-Tavi is washed out of his home where he lives with his mother and father by a high summer flood. An English family finds him in a ditch and they take him back to their house where he stays and explores because mongooses are very curious. He stays with the boy at night and during the day explores the area around the home. He meets a bird named Darzee and his wife, whose baby bird has just been eaten by the cobra Nag. Rikki-Tikki kills a snake called Karait and the family sees and loves him for it. When the family is asleep, Nag and Nagaina plan to kill them so that Rikki-Tikki will leave if there's no one left at the bungalow. Rikki kills Nag in the bathroom and sees Nagaina about to kill the family in rage. He distracts her with her last egg and then follows her down to her home where he kills her.

question

My Experiments With Truth

answer

Gandhi makes a friend who his family doesn't like. He says he is going to be a good influence on his friend. Gandhi's friend explains to him that the reason the English control the Indians is because they are meat-eaters, which makes them stronger and healthier. Gandhi is convinced to eat meat, and he eventually does. However, he decides to abstain from meat-eating until his parents are gone, because they would seriously disapprove.

question

My Experiments With Trust (part 2)

answer

Gandhi leaves home for the first time at 19 and travels to England to study. He is shy about his English and didn't understand English rules, culture, and etiquette. When he gets off the boat in Southampton, he wears white flannels and stands out. Dr. Mehta tries to teach him European manners. Gandhi and the other Indian man move from a hotel to rooms they are being lent from a Sindhi man. He refused to eat meat, but he did not like England and he missed his mother.

question

Child of the Americas

answer

Aurora Morales doesn't consider herself to be Puerto Rican. She believes that she is a combination of many different races and people. She says she is a US Puerto Rican Jew, a Caribena, etc. She is not African, not a taina, and not European.

question

Pouliuli

answer

Osovae and Lemigao are best friends and they accidentally kill a pig. They eat the pig so as not to waste it. Osovae father tells the tribe that pig stealing is on the rise and the council is going to put a stop to it. Lemigao says they should just tell Osovae's father, but Osovae says that Lemigao doesn't know what his father is like.

question

The Battle of the Shark and Octopus

answer

Dakuwaqa was the shark god and he wanted to be the most feared god of all, so he challenged other monsters to fights. After lots of fights, he goes to Kadavu Island where he comes face-to-face with an octopus who easily captures him with his tentacles. The octopus makes him promise that he will protect his people from all sharks, including Dakuwaqa's friends, and he promises he will.

question

The Boy Who Was Hungry

answer

Ravaka is the son of a chief. He has always had a big appetite, and the older he gets, the bigger his appetite grows. Chief Rotuma sends Ravaka to villages where all people do is make food for Ravaka, but no village can make enough food. It is only at Malhaha where the boy is given enough food. Today, Malhaha is the most beautiful place because that is the gift the chief gave to the villagers for being able to feed Ravaka.

question

At the Bottom of the River

answer

Jamaica Kincaid's father is loved by everyone. Jamaica and her mother are always together and they go about their days in the same manner. Jamaica sits on the porch, writing a letter that she decides she may keep for herself. In these excerpts, she is young.

question

Annie John

answer

Jamaica's mother makes breadfruit for dinner, which Jamaica hates, and she tells Jamaica that it is a new type of rice. Jamaica is miserable and wants her mother to comfort her but her mother is focused intently on her father. In the end, Jamaica learns that it was in fact breadfruit. In the second excerpt, Jamaica reads her story to the Miss Nelson's class and Miss Nelson put it in the library. The story is about Jamaica and her mother going swimming naked after church when Jamaica was young.

question

A Small Place

answer

If you go to Antigua, you will see the tourist places and the sandy beaches. When you drive by bathrooms, you may not realize that they're actually a school. The Antigua tourists see is different than the real place. Tourists whizz through customs but Antiguans don't. The place is in disrepair.

question

Ode to Tomatoes

answer

Neruda talks about tomatoes alone and then in salads where tomatoes marry onions in an elaborate ceremony.

question

Ode to Numbers

answer

Neruda talks about how from a young age, everyone is counting things, like fingers, toes, grains of sand, and teeth. He says he wants numbers to protect the reader by doing things like raising a salary.

question

Origins, Population and Culture of the Mapuche Indians

answer

Article about Mapuche Indians. Men hunted deer and small animals while women and children headed to the forest to collect berries. They planted crops like potatoes, quinoa, and pumpkins. Their houses were called Ruka and consisted of a person's entire extended family, or Lof. Polygamy was normal (men had multiple wives) and kidnapping was often faked to get a wife. The Rewe was the center of social and ritual ceremonies. The Spanish invasion wiped out many Mapuche Indians. Mapuche had orators who told stories and entertained people.

question

Daughter of Fortune

answer

Miss Rose is a British woman living in Chile. She is very well off and is raising Eliza as her own daughter, even though she isn't. Eliza was left at the family's door step as a baby. Mama Fresia is the Chilean cook and maid that they employ. Jeremy Sommers is Miss Rose's brother. Miss Rose trains Eliza to be a proper lady but all Eliza loves to do is cook.

question

The Strawberry Maid

answer

Giants lived in Chile a long time ago and they were very mean. Their king was named Patancha and once he was sleeping and snoring so loud that everything shook and the beautiful lake maidens could hear it. They were curious what was making the sound and they came across Patancha. The maidens couldn't stand the snoring so they threw pebbles at his nose. He woke up and the maidens ran but the Strawberry Maid couldn't escape and was captured. Patancha said he would marry her and so she said she would take him to the lake to see her treasures. At the lake, she uses the other maidens to distract him and she escapes. Patancha threw a giant stone into the lake and it is still there today.

question

Ode to a Chestnut on the Ground

answer

A Neruda poem where he compares a fallen chestnut to a violin.

question

House of the Spirits

answer

Marcos builds this bird-like flying contraption and decides to take off in it. News spread and on the take-off day, people filled the streets in their best clothes and children gave Marcos flowers. The bishop blessed it. He takes off and it works and the crowd was very excited. They never hear from him again and eventually the excitement dies down. One girl named Clara wonders what happened to Marcos.

question

How the Poppies Grew

answer

In Chile, a girl named Rosaura was loved and spoiled but she had no fear of danger, so her parents were very worried about her. She always wanders off but she always comes back. One day, she wanders off and no one has seen or hear from her. She always wore a red necktie and when her parents see red in the distance, they think it is her. Instead, it is a cornfield filled with red poppies.

question

Daughter of Fortune (part two)

answer

Eliza was an illegitimate child. Mama Fresia tells Eliza that if Miss Rose and her brother knew that Eliza was an Indian, they would have tossed her in the trash. Miss Rose said Eliza was placed on their steps in a basked woven in the finest wicker and Eliza was in a nightgown and sheets of lace. Mama Fresia said she was there and Eliza actually came in a man's sweater and no diaper.

question

Establish a purpose prior to reading a text.

answer

Ask yourself, "why am I reading this book?"

question

Preview a text by skimming.

answer

Read something rapidly just to get the main points.

question

Build interest or understanding by relating topic or theme to prior or new knowledge.

answer

Think about what you know and if you don't know anything about a subject, use resources and talk to people to get some background knowledge.

question

Define mental image and be able to differentiate between spontaneous and purposeful mental images.

answer

Mental images help you construct the meaning of the text you are reading. Spontaneous: you don't have to deliberately do something for it to happen, it just happens Purposeful: you have to work to create an image in your mind

question

Spontaneously create mental images.

answer

Instantly come to your mind.

question

Use purposeful mental images to better understand difficult literature.

answer

Work to create an image.

question

Explain how making predictions can help you construct the meaning of a text.

answer

Making predictions keeps your brain involved, awake, and active when reading.

question

Identify what you already know.

answer

Make an IMA chart I: Identify what you know M:Make predictions A: Analyze

question

Predict the outcomes at certain intervals

answer

The more predictions, the more active you are as a reader

question

Define the concepts of main idea and detail.

answer

Main idea: big picture Detail: little side notes

question

Differentiate between supporting and interest details.

answer

Supporting details support or confirm the main idea. Interest details are only in the story to add interest, humor, or appeal.

question

Ask yourself questions after reading.

answer

This helps you better understand what you've just read and helps memory.

question

Create literal questions.

answer

Literal questions are just the facts and are made up entirely and only of what you read.

question

Generate interpretive questions.

answer

Interpretive questions have more than one answer that can be supported with evidence from the text.

question

Produce applied questions.

answer

Applied questions are about opinions. They ask you to decide whether you agree with the author's ideas and point of view in light of your own knowledge, values, and experience.

question

Make connections that help further your understanding of the meaning of the text.

answer

Make connections between other sources and the text.

question

Connect the text to an event or issue in the world.

answer

Could be from the past or the present.

question

Link the text to another text.

answer

Self explanatory.

question

Identify similarities between the text and the experiences in your life.

answer

Connect the text to you.

question

Share responses to text through written responses.

answer

Essays, papers, etc.

question

Share responses to text through visual presentations.

answer

Video, posters, etc.

question

Share responses to text through oral presentations.

answer

Oral presentations.

question

Organize a book club where you can share your responses to a text.

answer

No way.

question

Analyze a text to determine if it challenges you enough.

answer

1 is easy, 5 is your current level, and 10 is very challenging.

question

Evaluate a text to verify if it meets your personal standards.

answer

Is what you are reading offensive to you or does it portray something that is against your beliefs?

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