Film Studies
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Director: Howard Hawks
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Bringing Up Baby
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Actor: Cary Grant
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Bringing Up Baby
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Actor: Katherine Hepburn
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Bringing Up Baby
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Neo-Formalism
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Formal characteristics in a film. Stylistic Elements
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Formal Systems
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Narrative and Non Narrative
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Stylistic Elements
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Mise-en-Scene, Cinematography, Editing, Sound
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Narrative
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A chain of events in cause-effect relationship occurring in time and space
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Story
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The set of all the events in a narrative, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers
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Plot
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Everything visibly and audibly present in the film before us
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Classical Hollywood Cinema
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Studio productions, emphasis on narrative economy, happy ending, central character usually male
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Screwball Comedy
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Focus on a couple getting caught up in a bizarre predicament, rapid fire dialogue, furious pacing, some physical comedy
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Director: Tom Tykwer
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Run Lola Run
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Actor: Franka Potente
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Run Lola Run
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Actor: Mortiz Bleibtreu
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Run Lola Run
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Diegetic
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Those aspects of the film that originate within the story world
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Nondiegetic
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Those aspects of the film that originate outside the story world
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Referential Meaning
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Plot Summary
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Explicit Meaning
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Openly asserted meaning
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Implicit Meaning
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Suggested meaning - Interpretation
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Symptomatic Meaning
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Social Values
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Director: Jean-Pierre Jeunet
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Amelie
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Actor: Audrey Tautou
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Amelie
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Actor: Mathieu Kassovitz
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Amelie
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Mise-en Scene
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Setting, lighting, costumes & makeup, figure movement & behaviour, framing
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Three-point Lighting
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Back, Fill, Key
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Director: Orson Welles
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Citizen Kane
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Actor: Orson Welles
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Citizen Kane
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Actor: Dorothy Comingore
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Citizen Kane
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Focal Length
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The distance from the centre of the lens to the point where light rays converge to a point of focus on the film .
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Criteria For Realism
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temporal integrity (long take), Spatial Integrity (mobile frame), Deep focus/composition in depth
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Film Stock
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Black and white - orthochromatic & panchromatic Colour - two strip & eastman
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Aspect Ratios
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Academy Ratio, Widescreen
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Wide Angle lens
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30mm or less
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Normal lens
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35-50mm
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Telephoto lens
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75mm or more
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Cinematic Points of View
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Objective, subjective, indirect-subjective, director's interpretive
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Camera Movement
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Pan, tilt, dolly, crane, zoom
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Director: Takeshi Kitano
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Zatoichi
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Actor: Beat Takeshi
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Zatoichi
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Andre Bazin
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Realist (faith in reality) and montage (faith in the image)
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The shot
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basic unit of film
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Editing devices
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cut, dissolve, wipe, fade
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Graphic Match
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uses pictorial qualities to link shots
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Eyeline Match
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first shot shows a person looking off, second show what s/he sees
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Shot/reverse shot
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two or more shots alternating characters - usually conversation
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Match-on-action
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shows the continuation of a character's or object's motion though space without actually showing up entire action
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Discontinuity editing
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Attempts to reveal the artificiality of editing techniques in order to provoke reactions and awareness in the spectator
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Director: Wes Anderson
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Rushmore
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Actor: Jason Schwartzman
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Rushmore
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Actor: Bill Murray
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Rushmore
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Director: Terrence Malick
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Badlands
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Actor: Martin Sheen
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Badlands
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Actor: Sissy Spacek
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Badlands
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Badlands
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1973
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The Auteur Theory
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The director is the author of a film, their visual style is evident in each film, this style evolves
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Martin Heidegger
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"One's own Dasein dissolves completely into the kind of being of 'the others'
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Simon Critchley: "Three Hermeneutic Banana Skins"
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The paradox of Privacy, the seduction of Malick's relationship with philosophy, the reduction of the film to a "philosophical meta-text"
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Gilles Deleuze
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Film as philosophy, as a kind of thought
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Rushmore
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1998
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Movie Timeline
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Bringing Up Baby 1938 Citizen Kane 1941 Badlands 1973 Rushmore 1998 Run Lola Run 1998 Amelie 2001 Zatoichi 2003 Les Triplettes de Belleville 2003 Son of Rambow 2007
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Citizen Kane
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1941
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Zatoichi
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2003
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Amelie
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2001
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Bringing Up Baby
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1938
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Son of Rambow
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2007
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Les Triplettes de Belleville
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2003
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Run Lola Run
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1998
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Director: Sylvain Chomet
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Les Triplettes de Belleville
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Director: Garth Jennings
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Son of Rambow
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Actor: Bill Miner
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Son of Rambow
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Actor: Jessica Stevenson
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Son of Rambow
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Actor: Will Poulter
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Son of Rambow
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Two main obstacles for sound
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Synchronization, Amplification
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Vertical integration
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production/ distribution/ exhibition
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Three types of sound:
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speech, noise, music
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Perceptual sound properties
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loudness, pitch, timbre
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Dimensions of film sound
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Rhythm, fidelity, space
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Simultaneous sound
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Sound simultaneous in a story with an image
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Non-simultaneous sound
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sound from earlier or later in story than image
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Genre
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Plot conventions, character conventions, thematic conventions, technical conventions, iconographic conventions
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Andre Bazin: Criteria for Realism
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The long take, mobile frame, deep focus/composition
