Chapter 3 – Biology and Behavior – Flashcards
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Spinal Cord
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column of nerves that extends from the brain down the back and transmits messages to the muscles and glands in the body.
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Synapse
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the junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another.
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Dendrites
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thin fibers that receive information and pass messages through cell bodies.
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Neurons
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Nerve cells
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Myelin
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a white fatty substance that insulates and protects axons and speeds the transmission of messages sent by neurons.
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Central Nervous System
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Made up by the brain and spinal cord
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Atomic nervous system
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regulates vital functions, like breathing
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Neurotransmitters
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Neurons that send messages across synapses.
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Somatic Nervous System
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transmits sensory messages
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Cell Body
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produces energy that fuels a neuron's activity
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Peripheral Nervous System
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transmits messages from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
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Axon
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Part of a neuron that transmits messages away from the cell body.
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Cerebellum
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part of the brain that regulates balance and coordination.
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Limbic System
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area of the brain that forms a border around the brain stem and is involved in learning, memory, hunger, and aggression.
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Hypothalamus
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tiny part of the brain that regulates body temperature, nutrient storage, and various aspects of motivation and emotion.
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Cerebrum
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largest part of the brain that makes complex learning and abstract thinking possible.
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Medulla
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part of the brain that regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and other vital functions.
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Brain's Association areas
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shape information into meaning information
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Cerebral Cortex
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outer layer of the brain.
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Thalamus
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transmits sensory information to the areas of the brain that interpret and respond to the information.
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Reticular Activating System
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regulates alertness and arousal; found in the midbrain
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Corpus Callosum
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connects the two hemispheres of the brain.
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Endocrine System
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made up of a series of glands located throughout the body.
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Hormones
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substances that stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions, such as changes in activity levels and physical moods.
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Pituitary Glands
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"master gland", secretes hormones that affect various aspects of behavior.
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Testosterone
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the primary male sex hormone.
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Thyroid Gland
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produces a hormone that affects the body's metabolism. Produces thyroxin.
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Estrogen
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the primary female sex hormone.
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Adrenal Glands
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produce adrenaline and noradrenaline.
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Testes
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For men, produces testosterone
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Anabolic
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Lab-made and fake, for example: steroids.
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Progesterone
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Created from the ovaries, female.
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Ovaries
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Glands in women that produce estrogen and progesterone.
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Heredity
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the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.
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Chromosomes
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threadline structures that carry genes.
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Mutation
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an alteration or change in the phase of metabolism in which substances are synthesized into living tissue.
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Genes
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the basic building blocks of heredity
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Supporters of the nature theory of personality development
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believe that a person's traits are determined mainly by his or her biological makeup.
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Identitcal twins
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exactly the same genetic makeup.
