question

which of the following statements about autism is true?

answer

all of these choices are true (autism is a spectrum disorder, autism is a developmental disorder, autism is a severe disorder)

question

with respect to attachment, most children with autism:

answer

prefer their caregivers over unfamiliar adults

question

what we don't know about the emotional life of children with autism is if they ____ emotions differently

answer

experience

question

the primary language deficit of children with autism (who develop language) is:

answer

pragmatics

question

children with autism may engage in self-stimulatory behavior because:

answer

any of these reasons may apply (it is frequently accompanied by some sort of reinforcement, they crave stimulation, the environment may be too stimulating for them)

question

many children with autism also have:

answer

mental retardation and epilepsy

question

Which of the following statements about gender differences in autism is true?

answer

autism is more common in boys, except among those with profound mental retardation, where the numbers of boys and girls are similar

question

____ has been associated with autism more than any other medical condition

answer

tuberous sclerosis

question

current treatments for child-onset schizophrenia emphasize medications in combination with:

answer

all of these (a psychotherapeutic program, a social support program, an educational support program)

question

Which of the following statements regarding the general intellect of children with learning disabilities is true?

answer

children with LD's usually have average or above-average intelligence

question

____ intelligence refers to the ability to use the body and the relevant part of the brain to coordinate movements in special and highly coordinated ways

answer

kinesthetic

question

phonological awareness is a broad construct that includes:

answer

all of these (awareness that sounds can be manipulated within syllables in words, detection of rhyme and alliteration, recognition of the relationship between sounds and letters)

question

phonological disorder is diagnosed when a child:

answer

has trouble with articulation

question

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences in rate of communication disorders is true?

answer

boys are more likely to be diagnosed with communication disorders, due to referral bias

question

the age at which stuttering 'peaks' is:

answer

5 years

question

which of the following is not a category of learning disorders?

answer

motor skills

question

which of the following would a child with a writing disorder least likely have difficulty with?

answer

gross motor skills (others they would probably have troubles with: eye/hand coordination, handwriting, reading)

question

Heritability accounts for approximately _____ of the variance in reading disorders.

answer

60%

question

Eden et al (1996) found that the brains of adults with reading disorders show no activation in an area that detects:

answer

visual motion

question

Up until the age of ____, children spend more time asleep than awake

answer

5 years

question

Which of the following statements about sleep problems is NOT true?

answer

infants and toddlers have less night-waking problems (these are TRUE: preschoolers have more falling-asleep problems, younger school-age children have more going-to-bed problems)

question

nightmares usually occur:

answer

during the last half of the sleep cycle

question

behavioral intervention for sleeping problems involves:

answer

all of these (sleep hygiene, comfort and reassurance, positive reinforcement)

question

Which of the following statements about encopresis is NOT true?

answer

encopresis usually results from psychological disturbance (TRUE: encopresis is more common in boys than girls, may be associated with abnormal defecation dynamics, up to 3% of children are estimated to have this disorder)

question

Which of the following statements best describes children's experience and expression of pain?

answer

children and adults experience pain similarly

question

research suggests that children cope best with painful medical procedures when:

answer

the procedure is explained first

question

Which of the following parental behaviors would help a child cope most effectively with a painful medical procedure?

answer

distracting

question

which of the following statements regarding the course of adolescent substance abuse disorders (SUDs) is NOT true?

answer

rates of substance abuse increase in early adulthood (TRUE: experimentation with substances is common among teenagers, rates of substance abuse peak around adolescence)

question

Which of the following is NOT likely to increase the risk of substance abuse?

answer

high parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol (IS likely to increase the risk: inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring, lack of parental involvement)

question

eating disorders are the ___ most common illness in adolescent females

answer

third

question

pica is often seen in individuals with:

answer

mental retardation

question

mothers of infants with failure to thrive (when a child fails to gain body weight) have been found to be ____ than mothers of infants without failure to thrive

answer

more insecure with respect to attachment

question

obesity _____ is strongly related to obesity in _____

answer

in childhood; adulthood

question

For some teens, particularly girls, excessive efforts to control eating may be misguided effort to:

answer

manage the stress and physical changes that confront them as they pass into adolescence

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anorexia?

answer

loss of appetite (IS a characteristic: fear of gaining weight, denial of being too thin, refusal to maintain minimal normal body weight)

question

young women who have dietary-depressive subtype of bulimia differ from women with only the dietary subtype, as those with the dietary-depressive subtype display:

answer

more social impairment

question

which of the following statements about gender differences in relation to eating disorders is FALSE?

answer

men show more of a preoccupation with food than women (TRUE: men show less of a drive for thinness than women, young men with eating disorders generally show the same clinical features as young women, men place more emphasis on athletic appearance or attractiveness than women)

question

Which of the following is NOT a predictor of full-recovery for individuals with bulimia?

answer

older age at onset (IS a predictor: higher social class, family history of alcohol abuse)

question

which of the following is LEAST likely to characterize an adolescent with anorexia?

answer

lack of emotional restraint (IS likely to characterize: high need for approval, rigidity and obsessiveness, preference for the familiar)

question

Which of the following is unrelated to the occurrence of maltreatment?

answer

all of these are unrelated (religious faith of the parent, sexual orientation of the parent, national origin of the parent)

question

many of the acute symptoms of sexual abuse resemble children's common reactions to:

answer

stress

question

the most common form of child maltreatment is:

answer

neglect

question

younger children are the most common victims of:

answer

neglect

question

Children from _____ families are at significantly greater risk for both physical abuse and neglect

answer

all of these choices (single-parent, large, poor)

question

____ involves the degree to which the child feels their confidence was gained through manipulation and coercion, as well a the position of trust or authority held by the perpetrator

answer

betrayal

question

neglected children tend to have peer relationships marked by:

answer

avoidance and withdrawal

question

while adaptive in abusive and inescapable situations, dissociation may lead to:

answer

borderline personality disorder

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of parents who maltreat their children?

answer

all of these are characteristics of maltreating parents (information-processing disturbances, unfamiliarity of the parenting role, unfamiliarity of developmentally appropriate expectations for children)

question

once environmental and adult factors are controlled, the only child characteristic that has been associated with the risk of sexual abuse is:

answer

gender

question

define dissociation:

answer

an altered state of consciousness in which the individual feels detached from the body or self. this process may be voluntary or involuntary, and can be adaptive when resistance or escape from a life threatening situation is not possible

question

_____ children with autism do not develop any useful language

answer

the majority of

question

the two strongest predictors of adult outcomes in children with autism are:

answer

IQ and language development

question

a step-by-step approach to presenting a stimulus and requiring a specific response that is used in the treatment of autism is called:

answer

discrete trial training

question

Which of the following about Retts disorder is false:

answer

in comparison to kids with autism, children with Retts don't have language impairment (this is FALSE)

question

which of the following about child-onset schizophrenia is FALSE?

answer

it typically has a sudden onset (this is FALSE)

question

the most common co-morbid disorders in children with schizophrenia are:

answer

behavior disorders and depression

question

schizophrenia is extremely rare prior to:

answer

adolescence

question

dyslexia refers to:

answer

reading problems (NOT problems mixing up the letters)

question

studies comparing language impaired children with and without a positive family history for a language-based learning disability suggest that children with a positive family history may inherit:

answer

temporal processing deficits

question

main cause of reading disorders can be attributed to:

answer

genetics

question

which of the following about the causes of stuttering is true?

answer

NONE of the above

question

decoding can be described as:

answer

breaking a word into parts rapidly enough to read the whole word

question

language (reading, writing) is to the _________ as math is to the _______

answer

left hemisphere, right hemisphere

question

evidence of mathematics disorder typically emerges:

answer

well before entry into school (deficits in spatial reasoning skills, i.e. drawing shapes, building things with blocks)

question

_____ of children diagnosed with reading disorder in elementary school still have major reading problems in high school

answer

75%

question

a nonverbal learning disorder is a deficit related to:

answer

abnormalities in the RIGHT hemisphere (language = left)

question

Which of the following is NOT true about enuresis?

answer

nocturnal enuresis cannot exist in combination with daytime (diurnal) enuresis

question

to keep individuals from urinating at night, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) serves to:

answer

concentrate the urine during sleep hours

question

full spectrum home training for enuresis is a combination of _____

answer

dry-bed training and a urine alarm

question

the most effective and long lasting treatment for enuresis is:

answer

the urine alarm

question

children and adolescents with insulin-dependent mellitus (diabetes) must monitor their INSULIN levels closely because too little insulin can result in ____ and too much insulin can result in _____

answer

diabetic coma (high blood sugar, low insulin), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, high insulin)

question

a nonspecific risk factor for substance use is:

answer

school connectedness

question

According to the Ontario Child Health Study and the US National Health Survey:

answer

the presence of a physical disability increases the risk a child with a chronic illness has of developing a psychiatric disorder

question

the most common chronic illness in childhood =

answer

asthma

question

about ____ of kids suffer from some form of chronic health problem

answer

10-20%

question

Leo Kanner viewed the core feature of early infantile autism as the

answer

absence of social interactions

question

though similar in their concerns about eating and gaining weight, individuals with bulimia differ from individuals with anorexia in that they ___ while those with anorexia are not.

answer

are within 10% of their normal weight

question

the most common compensatory behavior among community samples of individuals who fit the criteria for bulimia but who have NOT sought help is:

answer

exercise

question

DSMIV's age criteria for autism

answer

symptoms must be present before age 3

question

most parents will notice their child has autism by age ___

answer

2

question

the autism prevalence rate:

answer

1 in 150

question

in the early 1900's, children with enuresis were considered:

answer

emotionally and behaviorally disturbed

question

define joint social attention

answer

the ability to coordinate one's focus of attention on another person and an object of mutual interest

question

children with schizophrenia will NOT have _____ while children with autism will

answer

language impairment

question

the current view of the causes of childhood schizophrenia include:

answer

"stress model" - an interplay of biological vulnerability, stress, and protective factors

question

the tendency to focus on one feature of an object while ignoring other equally important features is called:

answer

overselectivity (occurs in children with autism - "tunnel vision")

question

children with mathematics disorders have problems with:

answer

visuospatial abilities

question

_____ is highly related to expressive language development

answer

phonological awareness

question

What is the core deficit for reading disabilities?

answer

phonological awareness

question

What is the only sleep disorder treated with medication?

answer

narcolepsy

question

almost 80% of children who stutter before age ____ will stop stuttering when they enter school

answer

5

question

a child with a learning disability would typically score ________ on an IQ test than a test of _____

answer

higher; academic achievement

question

in reaction to a sexually abusive incident, it is common to

answer

regress temporarily to an earlier stage of development

question

women outnumber men as perpetrators of:

answer

neglect (90% of neglect is done by the mother)

question

children with histories of _____ have the most severe and wide ranging problems in school and interpersonal adjustment

answer

neglect

question

the attachment pattern typically shown by children who are abused is:

answer

insecure-disorganized

question

physically abused children tend to have peer relationships marked by:

answer

aggression

question

a history of _____ among males is a significant factor for inappropriate sexual behaviors, alienation and social incompetence in adolescence

answer

ANY form of maltreatment

question

which of the following regarding the relationship between childhood maltreatment and later violent delinquent behavior is true?

answer

children who experience routine violence in childhood are significantly more likely to engage in violent delinquent behavior later on

question

boys are more likely to be sexually abused by:

answer

male, non-family members (someone they know and trust)

question

girls are more likely to be sexually abused by:

answer

male, family members (someone they know and trust)

question

the UCLA Young autism project attempts to modify children's symptoms by:

answer

using behavior modification such as rewarding and shaping

question

why is early intervention so important for children with autism?

answer

neural plasticity!

question

children who have been sexually abused are more likely to develop PTSD symptoms if:

answer

the abuse was chronic and coercive

question

echolalia in children with autism is believed to be:

answer

an important step in their language acquisition

question

define echolalia

answer

a child's immediate or delayed parrot-like repetition of words or word combinations

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