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treatments-psychotherapy

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insight, behavior, biomedical

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insight therapies-psychoanalysis

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involve verbal interactions intended to enhance clients' self knowledge and thus promote healthful changes in personality and behavior. Freud, goal is to discover unresolved unconscious conflicts,

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free association

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clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as littler censorship as possible

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dream analysis

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analysis involves the therapist interpreting the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams

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resistance

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largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy

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transference

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occurs when the clients unconsciously start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives, parent type role

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insight therapies-client centered therapy

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carl rogers, goal restructure-self concept to better correspond to reality

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therapeutic climate

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genuineness-the therapist being completely honest and spontaneous with the client, unconditional postiive regard-compete nonjudgemental acceptance of the client as a person, empathy-an understand of the client's point of view

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therapies inspired by positive psych

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martin seligman, uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence, well-being theory-enhance self-acceptance, life purpose, autonomy personal growth, positive psychotherapy-recognize personal strengths, appreciate blessings, savor positive experiences, find meaning in life, can be effective treatment for depression

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behavior therapies

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B.F Skinner Goal-unlearning maladaptive behavior and learning adaptive ones, replace old with new and good with bad, systematic desensitization Wolpe, classical conditioning, anxiety hierarchy, aversion therapy-alcoholism, sexual deviance, smoking

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systematic desensitization-unlearn old learning

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classical conditioning-acquisition of phobic fear, get rid of association between snow and fear and replace it with relaxing and snow

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avsersion therapy

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create new learning, really severe cases, classical conditioning, unpleasant thing with the thing they want to get rid of

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cognitive behavior theory

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Aaron Beck-cognitive therapy, goal to change the way clients think, detach and recognize negative thoughts, reality testing

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biomedical therapies

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psychopharmacotheraphy-the treatment of mental disorders with medication, antianxiety-relieve tension, apprehension, nervousness (xanax, valium), antipsychotic-gradually reduce psychotic symptoms lots of side effects, tardive dyskinesia-side effect an incurable neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and ticklike movements of the mouth, tongue, face

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anitdperessant

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gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression

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psychopharacotheraphy

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mood stabilizers used to control mood swings in mood disorders like bipolar disorder

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electroconvulsive therapy ECT

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biomedical treatment in which electrical shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions, induce a seizure for schizophrenia, people can be epileptic and schizophrenic, dangerous, electric shock

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transcranial magnetic stimulation

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technique that permits scientists to temporarily enhance or depress activity in a specific area, newer than ECT, magnetic, deactivate parts of brain, or active areas, promising for certain depression, inactivity in parts of prefrontal cortex

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deep brain stimulation

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a thin electrode is surgically implanted in the brain and connected to an implanted pulse generator so that various electrical currents can be delivered brain tissue adjacent to he electrode pacemaker send electrode to brain, treat tremors, electrical pulse

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insight therapies

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talk therapies, increased insight regarding the nature of the client's difficulties and sort thorough solutions

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behavior therapies

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principle of learning, changing behaviors

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biomedical therapies

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drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy,

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clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists

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specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral problems, clinical training emphasizes treatment of full-fledged disorders , counseling is slanted toward treatment of everyday adjustment problems

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psychiatrists

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physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorder, more time to severe disorders and less to everyday, drug therapies, more likely to use psychoanalysis and less likely to use group therapies or behavior therapies, depend on medication

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psychoanalysis

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is an insight theory that emphasizes the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses through techniques such as free association and transference

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probing unconscious

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1. free association-clients spontaneously express their thoughts and feelings exactly as they occur, with as little censorship as possible, say anything 2. dream analysis-the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams

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interpretation

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refers to the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts, feelings, memories, behaviors, don't interpret everything

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resistance

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refers to largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy, reluctant to confront their real probs

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transference

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occurs when clients unconsciously start relating to their therapist in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives, psychoanalysts encourage reeanacting because they help bring repressed feelings and conflicts to the surface, once clients recognize unconscious sources of conflicts

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client-centered therapy

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humanistic perspective, Carl Rogers, is an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy, anxiety about feedback leads to reliance on defense mechanisms

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therapeutic climate

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warm, supportive accepting climate, safe, therapists must provide 3 conditions 1) genuineness-communicating honestly and spontaneously, not phony or defensive 2) unconditional positive regard-therapist must show complete, nonjudgmental acceptance, warmth and caring can disapprove 3)empathy- accurate empathy, understand client's point of view, supportive emotional climate promotes healthy changes in therapy, more emphasis on therapeutic process

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therapeutic process

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therapist provides feedback, they clarify, act like a mirror, help clients become more aware of their feelings,

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positive psychology

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uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence. philosophical approach led to new interventions like well-being therapy-self-acceptance, personal growth. positive psychotherapy, Seligman, treats depression

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group therapy

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is the simultaneous psychological treatment of several clients in a group

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participants' roles

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therapist screens participants, provide acceptance, emotional support

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advantages of group therapies

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save time and money, not unique, social support

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insight therapies

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spontaneous remission-recovery from a disorder that occurs without formal treatment, studies have shown effectiveness, equal efficacy to drug therapies

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behavior therapies

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involve the application of learning principles to direct efforts to change clients' maladaptive behaviors, symptoms are the problems, based on 2 assumptions 1) it is assumed that behavior is a product of learning, result of learning and conditioning 2)it is assumed that what has been learned can be unlearned use classical, operant and observational

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systematic desensitization

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behavior therapy used to reduce phobic clients' anxiety responses through counterconditioning, acquired through classical conditioning,harmless stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus eliciting anxiety, goal is to weaken the association between conditioned stimulus and conditioned response of anxiety

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3 steps

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1)therapist helps the client build an anxiety hierarchy, list of anxiety-arousing stimuli, least to most anxiety 2) training client in deep muscle relaxation, while making anxiety hierarchy 3)the client tries to work through the hierarchy, learning to remain relaxed while imagining each stimulus, imagine scene with no anxiety, after conquered imagine, then go to real stimuli, reocondition people, condition stimulus=relax not anxiety WOLPE

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aversion therapy

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is a behavior therapy in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits an undesirable response, response to stimulus be changed so respond with nausea (alcoholics)

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social skills training

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behavioral therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal and shaping

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cognitive behavioral treatments

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use varied combinations of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking,

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cognitive therapy

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uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders originally for depression get rid of negative thoughts, uses behavioral techniques

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how effective are behavior therapies

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measuring therapeutic outcomes

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biomedical therapies

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are physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders

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psychopharmacotherapy

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treatment of metal disorders with medication, drug therapy, therapeutic drugs for psychological problems

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antianxiety drugs

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which relieve tension, apprehension and nervousness, Valium and Xanax, side effects, drowsiness, depression, nausea

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antipsychotic drugs

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for treatment of schizophrenia, severe mood disorders who are delusional, used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms including hyperactivity mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions

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tardive dyskinesia

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neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and ticklik movements of mouth, tounge, face, hands

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antidepressant drugs

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gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of depression, today SSRI, selective serotonin reputake inhibitors, slow reuptake process at serotonin synapses, increasing serotonin activation, bipolar dont respond as well,

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mood stabilizers

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drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders, lithium, now valporate

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how effective are drug therapies

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not as effective as advertised and often produce superficial effects, drugs are overperscribed overmedicate, damaging effects of therapeutic drugs are underestimated by psychiatrists side effects worsen

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eclecticism

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practice of therapy involves drawing ideas form 2 or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system, theoretical integration and technical eclecticism, theoretical integration-2 or more systems of therapy are combined or blended to take advantage of the strengths of each

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technical eclecticism

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borrowing ideas, insights, techniques from sources,

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mental hospital

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medical institution specializing in providing impatient care for psychological disorders

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deinstitutionalization

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refers to transferring the treatment of mental illness from impatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care,

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