question

The part of the person that Freud called the "it," consisting of unconscious drives; the individual's reservoir of sexual energy. (id, ego, superego)

answer

id

question

The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality. (id, ego, superego)

answer

ego

question

The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscience, , the part of the personality in Freud's theory that is responsible for making moral choices (id, ego, superego)

answer

superego

question

Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. (id, defense mechanisms, superego)

answer

defense mechanisms

question

____________is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism. It pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind. Itis the foundation for all of the psychological defense mechanisms, whose goal is to repress threatening impulses, that is, to push them out of awareness. (repression, rationalization, displacement, projection, regression, reaction formation)

answer

Repression

question

___(id) is totally unconscious, whereas the ___(ego) and the ________(superego) can operate at either the conscious or the unconscious level. (id, superego, ego, dim, etc)

answer

id, ego, superego

question

______ stage (first 18 months): The infant's pleasure centers on the mouth. Chewing, sucking, and biting are the chief sources of pleasure that reduce tension in the infant. (oral, anal, phallic, genital)

answer

oral

question

_______stage (18 to 36 months): During a time when most children are experiencing toilet training, the child's greatest pleasure involves the anus and urethra and their functions. Freud recognized that there is pleasure in "going" and "holding it" as well as in the experience of control over one's parents in deciding when to do either. Acceptance of moral rules. (oral, anal, phallic, genital)

answer

anal

question

________ stage (3 to 6 years): The name of Freud's third stage comes from the Latin word phallus, which means "penis." Pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers that self-stimulation is enjoyable. (oral, anal, phallic, genital)

answer

phallic

question

____________ is related to feeling negative emotion more often than positive emotion in one's daily life and to experiencing more lingering negative states.It has been shown as well to relate to more health complaints. In a longitudinal study, individuals were tracked for nearly seven years. It was associated with dying during the study. In general, individuals appear to suffer in silence: Acquaintances and observers have difficulty detecting how another person is. I.E. Anxious, hostile (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness)

answer

Neuroticism

question

Individuals high in ____________are more likely than others to engage in social activities and to experience gratitude and a strong sense of meaning in life. In addition, they are more forgiving. People rate as smiling and standing energetically and as dressing stylishly, and observers know one when they see one. One study found that salespeople sold more cars, especially if they were also good at picking up interpersonal cues. I.E. Social, upbeat (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness)

answer

extraversion

question

_______ to experience is related to liberal values, open-mindedness, tolerance, and creativity. __________is also associated with superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span. Individuals who rate themselves as open to experience are more likely to dress distinctively , to pursue entrepreneurial goals (for instance, starting their own business), and to experience success in those pursuits . Individuals high on it to experience are also more likely to interact with others on Internet websites and to use social media. I.E. curious, creative (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness)

answer

openness

question

____________is related to generosity and altruism (, to reports of religious faith, and to more satisfying romantic relationships. There are also links between this and viewing other people positively. In online dating profiles, individuals are less likely than people who score low on this trait to lie about themselves. I.E. cooperating, trusting, modest (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness)

answer

Agreeableness

question

_______________ is a key factor in a variety of life domains. Researchers have found that it is positively related to high school and college students' grade point averages. It is also linked to better-quality friendships, to higher levels of religious faith, and to a forgiving attitude. It is associated with dressing neatly, especially in the case of men , and, like openness, is related to entrepreneurial success . Low levels of it are associated with criminal behavior and substance abuse. I.E. diligent, well organized, dependable (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness)

answer

Conscientiousness

question

_________ is the most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test. (rosarch, mmpi, color, tat)

answer

mmpi

question

A ____________test presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it—in other words, to project their own meaning onto the stimulus. (color, height, detail, projective, closed)

answer

projective

question

__________ is a famous projective test that uses an individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality. (tat, mmpi, rorschach)

answer

Rorschach

question

The __________, developed by Henry Murray and Christiana Morgan in the 1930s, is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality. (tat, mmpi, rorschach)

answer

tat

question

Type ________ personalities ares cluster of characteristics—such as being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile—related to the incidence of heart disease. (A, B, C, D)

answer

a

question

Type _________ personalities are a cluster of characteristics—such as being relaxed and easygoing—related to good health. (A, B, C, D)

answer

b

question

Theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (______) that tend to lead to characteristic responses. (personality, feelings, traits, d)

answer

traits

question

________ medicine, is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and integrating it and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness. (psychology, behavioral, mental, natural, health)

answer

behavioral

question

_______ psychology emphasizes psychology's role in establishing and maintaining health and preventing and treating illness. (psychology, behavioral, mental, natural, health)

answer

Health

question

The __________________ model is a general model or approach that posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness (mental, natural, health, biopsychosocial)

answer

biopsychosocial

question

_______ is Selye's term for the common effects on the body when stressful demands are placed on it (Figure 17.2). It consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. (gas, kiss, adapt, shield)

answer

gas

question

There is also reason to believe that _____can increase an individual's risk for ___________ disease (stress/cardiovascular, stress/liver, depression/cardiovascular)

answer

stress, cardiovascular

question

_________ is itself the "stress hormone" that directs cells to make sugar, fat, and protein available so the body can take quick action. It also suppresses the immune system. (leptin, hgh, cortisol, endorphins)

answer

cortisol

question

___________ rises during stressor and continues to rising after removal of stressor. (noradrenalin, adrenaline, cortisol)

answer

noradrenalin

question

_______ rise is time-locked to stress. (noradrenalin, adrenaline, cortisol)

answer

adrenaline

question

Nerves of the _________ part of the autonomic nervous system go directly to ______ nodes to __________ lymphocyte activity

answer

sympathetic, lymph, suppress

question

___________'s research: high stress machined-paced tasks produced greater after-work adrenal hormones and was releated to high rates of heart disease. (Frankenhauser, Freud, Carroll, stephenson)

answer

frankenhauser

question

More _________ its shown females have the ______ amount of stress as males. (recently/same, recently/more, recently/less)

answer

recently, same

question

___________ stress:stress from grief (sad, bereavement, work)

answer

bereavement

question

________ _______ also called ergonomics, a field that combines engineering and psychology and that focuses on understanding and enhancing the safety and efficiency of the human (human/factors, human/emotions, human/ideals, human/psyche)

answer

human factors

question

The tendency of individuals to perform better simply because of being singled out and made to feel important. A. Gender Identity B. Hawthorne Effect C. Performance Appraisal D. Project

answer

b

question

A management approach emphasizing the psychological characteristics of workers and managers, stressing the importance of factors such as morale, attitudes, values, and humane treatment of workers. A. Gender Identity B. Hawthorne Effect C. Human Relations Approach D. Job Analysis

answer

c

question

The process of generating a description of what a job involves, including the knowledge and skills that are necessary to carry out the job's functions. A. Gender Identity B. Hawthorne Effect C. Human Relations Approach D. Job Analysis

answer

d

question

Job analysis= A. Systemic Procedure, Breakdown job, Manual B. Manual, Systemic Procedure, Breakdown Job C. Breakdown Job, Manual, Systemic Procedure D. Manual, Breakdown Job, Systemic Procedure

answer

a

question

The evaluation of a person's success at meeting his or her organization's goals. A. Gender Identity B. Hawthorne Effect C. Job Analysis D. Performance Appraisal

answer

d

question

A bias, common in performance ratings, that occurs when a rater gives a person the same rating on all of the items being evaluated, even though the individual varies across the dimensions being assessed. A. Performance Appraisal B. Hawthorne Effect C. Halo effect D. Leadership

answer

c

question

An individual in a leadership capacity who emphasizes the exchange relationship between the worker and the leader and who applies the principle that a good job should be rewarded. A. Transformational Leader B. Transactional Leader C. Halo effect D. Leadership

answer

b

question

An individual in a leadership capacity who is concerned not with enforcing the rules but with changing them. A. Transformational Leader B. Transactional Leader C. Halo effect D. Leadership

answer

a

question

Behavior that is ____, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time. A. Maladaptive B. stressful C. deviant D. abnormal

answer

c

question

__________behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world. A man who believes that he can endanger other people through his breathing may go to great lengths to avoid people so that he will not harm anyone. He might isolate himself from others, for what he believes is their own good. His belief separates him from society and prevents his everyday functioning; thus, his behavior is: A. Maladaptive B. stressful C. deviant D. abnormal

answer

a

question

The _______ approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders. Might focus, for example, on the influence of childhood experiences or of personality traits in the development and course of psychological disorders. A. Biological B. Psychological C. Sociocultural D. Human

answer

b

question

The ________ approach attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. This approach primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality. A. Biological B. Psychological C. Sociocultural D. Human

answer

a

question

The ________ approach emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives, including the individual's gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture. For instance, individuals from low-income, minority neighborhoods have the highest rates of psychological disorders A. Biological B. Psychological C. Sociocultural D. Human

answer

c

question

the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States. A. DSM IV B. Generalized C. Panic D. Phobic

answer

a

question

Psychological disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least six months and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety. A. DSM IV B. Generalized C. Panic D. Phobic

answer

b

question

Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror, often without warning and with no specific cause. A. DSM IV B. Generalized C. Panic D. Phobic

answer

c

question

Anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation. A. DSM IV B. Generalized C. Panic D. Phobic

answer

d

question

Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation. A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Post-traumatic disorder C. Major depressive D. Bipolar

answer

a

question

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person's abilities to cope. A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Post-traumatic disorder C. Major depressive D. Bipolar

answer

b

question

Psychological disorder involving a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least two weeks. A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Post-traumatic disorder C. Major depressive D. Bipolar

answer

c

question

Mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania,an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state. A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Post-traumatic disorder C. Major depressive D. Bipolar

answer

d

question

Dissociative disorder characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress. A. Amnesia B. Fugue C. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) D. Schizophrenia

answer

a

question

Dissociative disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and sometimes assumes a new identity. A. Amnesia B. Fugue C. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) D. Schizophrenia

answer

b

question

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, a dissociative disorder in which the individual has two or more distinct personalities or identities, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships. A. Amnesia B. Fugue C. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) D. Schizophrenia

answer

c

question

Severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes, referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality. A. Amnesia B. Fugue C. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) D. Schizophrenia

answer

d

question

The ________ symptoms of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function. They are "_______" because they reflect something added above and beyond normal behavior. _______symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and disorders of movement. A. Negative B. Positive C. Cognitive D. Schizophrenia

answer

b

question

Whereas schizophrenia's other symptoms are characterized by a distortion or an excess of normal functions, schizophrenia's _____ symptoms reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. One _____symptom is flat affect, which means the display of little or no emotion A. Negative B. Positive C. Cognitive D. Schizophrenia

answer

a

question

__________ symptoms of schizophrenia include difficulty sustaining attention, problems holding information in memory, and inability to interpret information and make decisions. These __________ symptoms may be quite subtle and are often detected only through neuropsychological tests. A. Negative B. Positive C. Cognitive D. Schizophrenia

answer

c

question

a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior A. disorganized B. catatonic C. undifferentiated D. paranoid

answer

a

question

State of immobility and unresponsiveness lasting for long periods of time. A. disorganized B. catatonic C. undifferentiated D. paranoid

answer

b

question

a schizophrenic disorder that is characterized by a mixture of symptoms and does not meet the diagnostic criteria of any one type. A. disorganized B. catatonic C. undifferentiated D. paranoid

answer

c

question

A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur. A. disorganized B. catatonic C. undifferentiated D. paranoid

answer

d

question

Individuals with schizophrenia also have a small prefrontal cortex and lower activity in this area of the brain than individuals who do not have schizophrenia and high dopamine count. Y

answer

y

question

Commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable. A. Anti-anxiety drugs, benzodiazepines B. Anti-depressents C. Anti-psychotics

answer

a

question

Psychiatrists and general practitioners increasingly are prescribing a type of antidepressant drug called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ______. Target serotonin, and work mainly by interfering only with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain A. benzodiazepines B. Anti-depressents C. SSRI D. MAO inhibitors

answer

c

question

_________ are thought to work because they block the enzyme monoamine oxidase. This enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (Hazell, 2009; Pitychoutis & others, 2010). Scientists believe that the blocking action allows these neurotransmitters to stick around in the brain's synapses and help regulate mood. A. benzodiazepines B. tricyclics C. SSRI D. MAO inhibitors

answer

d

question

_______, so-called because of their three-ringed molecular structure, are believed to work by increasing the level of certain neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and serotonin. You might recall the role of low serotonin levels in negative mood and aggression. The ________ reduce the symptoms of depression in approximately 60 to 70 percent of cases; these drugs usually take two to four weeks to improve mood. Adverse side effects may include restlessness, faintness, trembling, sleepiness, and memory difficulties. A. benzodiazepines B. tricyclics C. SSRI D. MAO inhibitors

answer

b

question

Also called shock therapy, a treatment, commonly used for depression, that sets off a seizure in the brain. A. anti-psychotics B. Electroconvulsive shock therapy C. neuroleptics D. psychosurgery, prefrontal lobotomies

answer

b

question

Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia. A. Anti-anxiety drugs, benzodiazepines B. Anti-depressents C. Anti-psychotics, Neuroleptics

answer

c

question

A biological therapy, with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment. A. anti-psychotics B. Electroconvulsive shock therapy C. neuroleptics D. psychosurgery, prefrontal lobotomies

answer

d

question

A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems. A. psychoanalysis B. resistance C. psychotherapy D. Free association

answer

c

question

Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual's unconscious thoughts. A. psychoanalysis B. resistance C. psychotherapy D. Free association

answer

a

question

A client's unconscious defense strategies that interfere with the psychoanalyst's understanding of the individual's problems. A. psychoanalysis B. resistance C. psychotherapy D. Free association

answer

b

question

A psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. A. transference B. resistance C. psychotherapy D. Free association

answer

d

question

A client's relating to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual's life. A. transference B. resistance C. dream analysis D. Free association

answer

a

question

A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person's dreams. A. transference B. resistance C. dream analysis D. Free association

answer

c

question

Also called Rogerian therapy or nondirective therapy, a form of humanistic therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems. A. client-centered therapy B. empathy C. unconditional positive regard D. reflective speech

answer

a

question

Through _________the therapist strives to put himself or herself in the client's shoes—to feel the emotions the client is feeling. A. client-centered therapy B. empathy C. unconditional positive regard D. reflective speech

answer

b

question

___________, which involves creating a warm and caring environment and never disapproving of the client as a person. Rogers believed this provides a context for personal growth and self-acceptance, just as soil, water, and sunshine provide a context for the acorn to become an oak. A. client-centered therapy B. empathy C. unconditional positive regard D. reflective speech

answer

c

question

A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client. A. client-centered therapy B. empathy C. unconditional positive regard D. reflective speech

answer

d

question

Treatments, based on the behavioral and social cognitive theories of learning, that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior. A. anxiety or desensitization hierarchy B. deep relaxation C. systematic desensitization D. behavior therapies

answer

d

question

A method of behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations. A. anxiety or desensitization hierarchy B. deep relaxation C. systematic desensitization D. behavior therapies

answer

c

question

In this hierarchy, the individual begins with her least feared circumstance (a month before the exam) and moves through each of the circumstances until reaching her most feared circumstance (being in the process of answering the exam questions). At each step of the way, the person replaces fear with deep relaxation and successful visualization. A. anxiety or desensitization hierarchy B. deep relaxation C. systematic desensitization D. behavior therapies

answer

a

question

Treatments that point to cognitions (thoughts) as the main source of psychological problems and that attempt to change the individual's feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions. A. cognitive therapies B. rational emotive behavior therapy C. Beck's cognitive behavior therapy D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

a

question

A therapy based on Ellis's assertion that individuals develop a psychological disorder because of irrational and self-defeating beliefs and whose goal is to get clients to eliminate these beliefs by rationally examining them. A. cognitive therapies B. rational emotive behavior therapy C. Beck's cognitive behavior therapy D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

b

question

approach derives from the idea that the goal of therapy is to help people to recognize and discard self-defeating cognitions, individuals learn to make connections between their patterns of thinking and their emotional responses. From this perspective, emotions are a product of cognitions. By changing cognitions, people can change how they feel. A. cognitive therapies B. rational emotive behavior therapy C. Beck's cognitive behavior therapy D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

c

question

Recovery from a disorder without formal treatment. A. cognitive therapies B. spontaneous remission C. Beck's cognitive behavior therapy D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

b

question

The Sequenced Treatment Alternative to Relieve Depression trial--Conclusions-2/3 of pts who try 1 or more trials of antidepressants plus psychotherapy will eventually go into remission. At standard doses, half of depressed pts will go into remission after trying 1 or 2 txs. After that, chances of total sx alleviation drops. Pts w/ more severe or prolonged sx, other psych disorders, medical conditions or substance-abuse problems are more likely to have to try multiple txs. While some pts respond quickly to antidepressants, it often takes 8 weeks or longer for tx to take full effect A. star-d B. spontaneous remission C. Beck's cognitive behavior therapy D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

a

question

a form of psychotherapy that was developed to resolve symptoms resulting from disturbing and unresolved life experiences A. star-d B. spontaneous remission C. eye movement desensitization D. evaluation of psychotherapies

answer

c

question

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one A. displacement B. Projection C. regression D. reaction formation

answer

a

question

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else A. displacement B. Projection C. regression D. reaction formation

answer

b

question

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state A. displacement B. Projection C. regression D. reaction formation

answer

c

question

(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them A. displacement B. Projection C. regression D. reaction formation

answer

d

question

Complaints about imaginary ailments (somatization, somatoform, conversion disorder)

answer

somatization

question

physical symptoms or concern with physical symptoms not explained by medical conditions, hypochondriasis (somatization, somatoform, conversion disorder)

answer

somatoform

question

a somatoform disorder in which a person displays blindness, deafness, or other symptoms of sensory or motor failure without a physical cause (somatization, somatoform, conversion disorder)

answer

conversion disorder

question

IQ test that uses no language, culture-fair, involves matching patterns/designs Autism people score higher (raven, Wechsler)

answer

raven

question

A person who is hearing voices that are not there is experiencing A) delusions. B) hallucinations. C) mood disorder. D) schizophrenia.

answer

b

question

A student has been experiencing stress because she has been struggling in her classes all semester. After a while, she realizes that she has developed a host of physical symptoms, such as fatigue, runny nose, and coughing. In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is this student? A) alarm stage B) resistance stage C) exhaustion stage D) illness stage

answer

c

question

A job analysis includes a focus on which of the following? A) the economic value of a specified occupation B) employee selection C) creation of an employee manual D) providing employees with feedback about their job performance

answer

c

question

If you were to gluttonously eat an entire birthday cake, Freud would say that was caused by your A) superego B) ego C) id D) unconscious thoughts

answer

c

question

Which personality structure did Freud believe was responsible for creating defense mechanisms? A) superego B) ego C) id D) denial

answer

b

question

The Oedipus complex is thought to occur in which stage of psychosexual development? A) phallic B) oral C) genital D) anal

answer

a

question

Which type of assessment requires participants to tell a story about a novel stimulus? A) self-report test B) objective test C) projective test D) empirically-keyed test

answer

c

question

Which of the following traits would you expect a successful graduate student to be high in? A) neuroticism B) introversion C) intelligence D) conscientiousness

answer

d

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