Ch. 8, 9: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Study Guide – Flashcards
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The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
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aerobic cellular respiration
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Organelle in which the main part of cellular respiration occurs
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mitochondria
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Reaction of cellular respiration
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
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Prescence of oxygen
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aerobic
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Absence of oxygen
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anaerobic
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The most efficient way of doing cellular respiration
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aerobic
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The least efficient way of doing cellular respiration
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anaerobic
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The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
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glycolysis
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Net gain of glycolysis ATP production
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2
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Glycolysis products (2 molecules of each)
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pyruvate, ATP, NADH
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Second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
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krebs cycle
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2 carriers of hydrogen ions
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FAD+, NAD+
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FAD carries H ions to form __________________
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FADH2
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NAD carries H ions to form __________________
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NADH
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Wwhen energized electrons and positive H ions are passed along a series of enzymes
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electron transport chain
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A waste gas produced by plants during photosynthesis which is used by all the plants and animals during cellular respiration; the final electron acceptor
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oxygen
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Oxygen bonds with the H ions that have just transfered through the ATP synthase to form ______, a waste of cellular respiration
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H2O
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Glycolysis produces ____ ATPs.
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2
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Electron transport chain produces ____ ATPs.
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32
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Krebs cycle produces ____ ATPs.
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2
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Total amount of ATPs produced in cellular respiration; amount of ATPs produced from one molecule of glucose
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36
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Hydrogen ions pass through this, spinning to power ADPs to ATPs
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ATP synthase
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ADP stands for
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adenosine diphosphate
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ATP stands for
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adenosine triphosphate
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Input of glycolysis
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glucose, 2 ATPs, NAD
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Output of glycolysis
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2 pyruvate, 4 ATPs, NADH
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If oxygen is present after glycolysis, then the ________ occurs in the _________
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krebs cycle, mitochondria
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If no oxygen is present after glycolysis, then ________ occurs in the _________
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fermentation, cytoplasm
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Glycolysis occurs in the _______________
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cytoplasm
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Input for Krebs Cycle
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2 pyruvate
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FADH and NADH are used in the ETC to deliver ________ ions with __________ electrons.
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hydrogen, high energy
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Fermentation that occurs in animals; product builds up in muscles; produces 2 ATPs
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lactic acid (fermentation)
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Fermentation that occurs in plants and yeast; product builds used to make beer; produces 2 ATPs and CO2
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alcohol fermentation
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Conducted an experiment to find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil; concluded that most of the mass was gained from the water (partially correct)
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van helmont
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Scientist whose problem was what substances are produced by a plant as it grows; when he used a jar and candle the flame went out but when he added mint the candle remained lit. Concluded that something in air was necessary to keep a candle burning and plants produce that substance.
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(joseph) priestly
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Scientist who questioned: Can a plant produce oxygen any time of the day? He experimented to see if aquatic plants produced oxygen bubbles in the light but not in the dark. He concluded that light is necessary for a plant to produce oxygen
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(jan) ingenhousz
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Along with water this is a reactant of photosynthesis
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carbon dioxide
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This is either absorbed by a pigment, reflected by a pigment, or transmitted through a pigment
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light energy
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Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called __________
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pigments
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The main type of pigment in plants, is located in the chloroplasts
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chlorophyll
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What are the two types of chlorophyll?
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chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
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A class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including carotene, which give color to plant parts such as ripe tomatoes and autumn leaves
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carotenoids
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This group of pigments allow plants to absorb other wavelengths of light which gives plant more energy; anything other than chlorophyll
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accessory (pigments)
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The first part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from the sunlight and then transfers energy in the form of ATP and NADPH to the light-independent reactions
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light reactions
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A byproduct of the light reactions of photosynthesis
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O2
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ATP and NADPH from Light reactions are sent to the ______ in the chloroplast to be used by the CALVIN cycle
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stroma
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A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy. Where the light dependent reactions occurs.
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thylakoid
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What begins when sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, exciting the electrons
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photosynthesis
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The second of the two major reactions of photosynthesis; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
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calvin cycle
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ETC stands for
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electron transport chain
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This organelle captures energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy
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chloroplast
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Main source of energy for life on Earth
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sun
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Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
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chemosynthesis
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Organisms that obtain energy from light or inorganic compounds
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autotrophs
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Organisms that must get energy from food instead of directly from sunlight or inorganic substances
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heterotrophs
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what ATP stands for
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adenosine triphosphate
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aka light independent reactions
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calvin cycle
