question

Human beings depend on culture for survival.

answer

True

question

Physical anthropology includes the study of linguistic variation as it relates toclimate.

answer

false

question

Physical anthropologists assisted with the identification of victims at New York's World Trade Center after 9/11.

answer

true

question

Morphology refers to physical shape and appearance.

answer

True

question

Observations of living primates inform our efforts to understand ourevolutionary past.

answer

true

question

Darwin's observation that bipedalism frees the hand to hold objects led him to hypothesize that tool use was an important selective pressure onbipedalism.

answer

True

question

A recent news article reports on findings from a dig in Mesopotamia. Theresearchers report that skeletal populations indicate a decline in stature andlikely overall health at this period in time. This reminds you of another studyyou have read about, the populations of St. Catherines Island. What couldbe the reasons for the changes in skeletons?

answer

Health and stature declined with the adoption of agriculture

question

Archaeology is:

answer

the study of the behavior and material culture of pasthuman societies

question

Physical anthropology

answer

relies on the scientific method

question

The Scientific Method

answer

involves empirical data collection and hypothesis testing

question

the hypothesis

answer

is an attempt to explain observations and predict futurescientific results.

question

Forensic anthropology differs from biocultural anthropology in which of thefollowing ways?

answer

applies anthropological techniques to modern crimescenes and disasters

question

How is biocultural anthropology different from cultural anthropology?

answer

It examines the interaction between genetics and culturein shaping human biology

question

Bipedalism is considered one of the hallmarks of hominid evolution because

answer

it was the first evolutionary development that clearlydistinguished us from other animals

question

How is a theory different from a hypothesis?

answer

A theory is an explanation relying on careful examinationand testing of evidence

question

how is culture defined?

answer

Culture is a learned behavior transmitted from person toperson.

question

Franz Boas

answer

united within American anthropology the study of culture, language, and biology.

question

Chimpanzees in the wild have been observed to do all of the followingEXCEPT

answer

teach their offspring how to flake stone tools.

question

Charles Darwin

answer

was an English naturalist in the 1800s.

question

You spend a year of your life living with and studying crab fishermen. At theend of this time you document everything that you have learned. This iscalled a(n):

answer

ethnography

question

Physical anthropologists might examine

answer

all of the above

question

Organisms classified in two different biological orders can still belong to the same genus

answer

False

question

Genetic drift is most powerful as an evolutionary cause when operating on small populations.

answer

True

question

Mendel's discrete units responsible for the characteristics in his pea plants are now known as chromosomes

answer

False

question

Natural selection works on preexisting variation in a population.

answer

True

question

Darwin's theory of evolution drew from all of the following scientific disciplines EXCEPT

answer

genetics

question

Alfred Wallace was

answer

an English naturalist who arrived at many of the sameconclusions as Darwin.

question

carolus Linnaeus

answer

developed a classification system for plants and animals.

question

The idea of catastrophism is attributed to:

answer

Georges Cuvier

question

The idea that geologic processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past is

answer

uniformitarianism

question

The English demographer whose work on population growth greatly influenced Darwin's thinking was

answer

Thomas Malthus

question

Lamarck proposed an erroneous evolutionary mechanism known today as

answer

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

question

The physical expression of an organism's genetic constitution is called the

answer

Phenotype

question

Different versions, or subunits, of the same gene are

answer

alleles

question

The only possible source of new genetic material is

answer

Mutations

question

In 1962, Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize for their 1953 discovery that the structure of theDNA molecule was

answer

A double helix

question

Recessive alleles for a given trait will be expressed if they are inherited:

answer

From both parents

question

The scientist who coined the name Homo sapiens for human beings and placed them in a higher taxonomicgroup he called primates was

answer

carolus Linnaeus

question

All of the following are formal taxonomic categories EXCEPT

answer

population

question

The Human Genome Project is most likely to contribute to an understanding of which disease?

answer

Cystic fibrosis

question

The scientist whose work provided the foundation for later understandings of genetics was

answer

Gregor mendel

question

DNA replication takes place only during the production of new gametes

answer

False

question

Most human nuclear DNA is coded to produce proteins

answer

False

question

In order for traits to respond to natural selection, they must be heritable

answer

true

question

All mammals have the same number of chromosomes

answer

False

question

Hemoglobin is an amino acid

answer

False

question

Somatic cells include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

sex cells

question

The following are complementary bases in DNA

answer

adenine and thymine

question

Gametes are

answer

Haploids

question

Down Syndrome can occur

answer

because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome

question

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

answer

applies to genes on different chromosomes

question

Proteins consist of

answer

chains of amino acids

question

Transcription

answer

Occurs in the nucleus

question

RNA differs from DNA in that it uses

answer

uracil instead of thymine

question

Meiosis results in the production of

answer

four gametes

question

An individual that is homozygous at the locus that determines ABO blood type may have any of the followingexcept

answer

Type AB blood

question

Individuals whose blood type is A and carry both dominant and recessive genes at this locus have agenotype of

answer

AO

question

The presence of a recessive allele

answer

is usually masked in the phenotype

question

The expression of polygenic traits

answer

is determined by genes at several loci in conjunction withenvironmental factors

question

DNA

answer

Directs cellular functions

question

Chromosome number is reduced during

answer

Meiosis

question

Genetic drift is the force of evolution that is most powerful when acting on very large populations

answer

False

question

Reproductive isolation is key to the development of individual species

answer

True

question

Sickle-cell anemia is the result of a single-point mutation on chromosome 11

answer

True

question

The effects of gene flow have decreased from 10,000 years ago to the present

answer

False

question

The inability to taste PTC indicates a homozygous recessive genotype.

answer

True

question

Malaria is caused by

answer

bites from infected mosquitoes

question

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumes

answer

no gene flow, mutation, genetic drift, or natural selection

question

"Fitness," in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual's

answer

Reproductive success

question

The substitution of one DNA base for another due to a mistake during replication is called a

answer

Point Mutation

question

The ABO and MN blood type frequencies of the Dunkers differ significantly from those of current Americanand German populations due to

answer

Genetic Drift

question

Mutations to which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary consequences?

answer

Sex cells (gametes)

question

Demes in which marriage and reproduction take place from within the groups are called

answer

endogamous

question

A point mutation that does not result in a change to the amino acid coded for is said to be a

answer

synonymous mutation

question

The best-documented case of industrial melanism involves

answer

peppered moths

question

The mutation known as trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, is more commonlyknown as

answer

Down Syndrom

question

Functional adaptations in humans during their lifetimes are usually associated with environmentalconditions

answer

True

question

Vasodilation is the expansion of blood vessels near the body's surface in response to excessive cold

answer

False

question

Loss of body hair during human evolution may have resulted from thermoregulatory adaptation to sweatingin hot climates.

answer

True

question

C. Loring Brace argued that the race concept

answer

can be traced to the Renaissance, when seafaringtravelers observed differences between people fromdistant lands

question

senecence is

answer

after the childbearing years

question

DNA

answer

schedules growth, but environment and events influenceactual development

question

Most neonatal deaths in the U.S. are caused by

answer

Low birth weight

question

Low birth weight can result from a mother's

answer

All of the above

question

Infancy ends

answer

at 36 months

question

Human brain growth is completed by age

answer

Six

question

Puberty is marked by

answer

menarche in girls

question

When epiphyses fuse to the diaphyses

answer

full adult height is attained

question

Osteoporosis is

answer

a main cause of hip fractures in older women

question

Ethnographic evidence from around the world shows that postmenopausal women do all of the followingEXCEPT

answer

not live very long

question

The strength and mass of bone

answer

vary with an individual's level of physical activity

question

Exercise improves physical fitness by contributing to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

increased cholesterol

question

Functional adaptations to high altitude include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

smaller diameter of blood vessels

question

Dark skin, a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples, is likely a response to ultravioletradiation because UV radiation can cause

answer

Skin Cancer

question

Osteomalacia is caused by

answer

insufficient amount of vitamin D

question

Hypoxia has been shown to be an agent of natural selection in that Tibetan women:

answer

with alleles for high oxygen saturation in their hemoglobin had moresurviving children

question

Sagittal crests are pronounced in some primates with highly developed masticatory muscles.

answer

True

question

Suspensory primates generally have longer legs than arms

answer

False

question

Grooming relationships reinforce social structures and cement social bonds

answer

True

question

Large upper canines in male primates are used primarily for capturing vertebrate prey

answer

False

question

Male chimpanzees' hunting success is greater when they hunt in groups

answer

True

question

Unlike apes, monkeys

answer

have limbs (arms and legs) of relatively equal length

question

The presence of five digits on hands and feet is

answer

a primitive mammalian trait, retained in most primates

question

Living lemurs are found only in

answer

Madagascar

question

Which of the following are prosimians?

answer

Lemurs

question

The two suborders of primates are:

answer

prosimians and anthropoids.

question

Jane Goodall was first to document:

answer

All of the above

question

Primate females

answer

give birth to fewer offspring than do many othermammals.

question

All of the anthropoids live in social groups EXCEPT:

answer

orangutans.

question

Monogamy is characteristic of:

answer

Gibbons

question

Altruistic behaviors include all the following EXCEPT

answer

dominance behavior

question

The typical dental formulas of lorises and lemurs is

answer

2 / 1 / 3 / 3

question

The typical catarrhine dental formula is

answer

2 / 1 / 2 / 3

question

The Y-5 molar morphology is present in:

answer

chimpanzees

question

Grooming relationships reinforce social structures and cement social bonds

answer

True

question

Male chimpanzees' hunting success is greater when they hunt in groups.

answer

True

question

Altruistic behavior occurs when both individuals benefit from the behavior

answer

False

question

Humans are the only primates known to use material culture to access foodresources

answer

False

question

Jane Goodall was the first to document

answer

All of the above

question

Sexual dimorphism in canine size:

answer

is greater in societies where males compete

question

Monogamy is characteristic of

answer

Gibbons

question

Altruistic behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Dominance behavior

question

Nocturnal primates communicate through

answer

vocalizations

question

Chimpanzee hunting has been used as a model for the origins of humanhunting because

answer

All of the above

question

Harry Harlow's experiments on rhesus monkeys showed that infants placed with artificial surrogate mothers:

answer

lacked basic social skills as adults

question

Chimpanzees taught by humans to make simple stone tools

answer

passed this new behavior to relatives

question

In studies of primate cognition and tool use, researchers havetaughtchimpanzees to crack open nuts with stones. Later in life, thesechimpanzees have taught other young chimpanzees and offspring the sameskill. This could be considered

answer

All of the above

question

The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.

answer

true

question

Rapid burial after death usually impedes fossilization

answer

False

question

Historically speaking, scientists were able to provide relative ages for fossils before they were able toprovide numerical ages

answer

True

question

The chemical signature of volcanic ash layers can be used to correlate sites across vast regions

answer

True

question

The English surveyor who developed the technique of stratigraphic correlation between regions was:

answer

william Smith

question

The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:

answer

taphonomy

question

The theory that species persist for long periods and then undergo rapid spurts of evolutionary change is:

answer

punctuated equilibrium.

question

If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil speciesB, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:

answer

Superstition

question

One of the only fossil sites in the world that preserves a great deal of evidence for anthropoid evolutionduring the Eocene and Oligocene epochs is

answer

Fayum, Egypt

question

Prior to the invention of absolute dating techniques, one of the chemical dating methods useful forestablishing the relative age of fossils from a single site was

answer

fluorine dating

question

Biostratigraphic dating relies on:

answer

the first and last appearances of species in the fossilrecord

question

The absolute dating method that involves counting the annual rings visible in the cross-section of a tree iscalled

answer

dendrochronology

question

With a half-life of 5,730 years, 14 C dating is useful for dating carbon-bearing objects as far back as

answer

50,000 years ago

question

Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from anearly hominid site in eastern Africa?

answer

40 K/ 40 Ar dating

question

What do geologists call the oldest portion of Earth's history, accounting for roughly 87% of that history?

answer

Precambrian eon

question

A diagram (family tree) that proposes hypothetical ancestor-descendant relationships between species is a:

answer

phylogeny

question

Which of the following has the greatest likelihood of becoming fossilized?

answer

Teeth

question

The time it takes for 50% of an unstable isotope to decay to a stable form is called the

answer

Half-life

question

The absolute dating technique that emerged as a result of research into constructing the atomic bombduring World War II is:

answer

14 C dating

question

The dating technique in which proteins are examined under high magnification using polarized light is

answer

amino-acid racemization dating

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