psy 201 test 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
(Close-Up) In order, the sequence of steps in the SQ3R method is A. survey, question, read, retrieve, review. B. question, review, survey, read, retrieve. C. review, question, survey, read, retrieve. D. survey, review, retrieve, question, read.
answer
A. survey, question, read, retrieve, review.
question
William James was a prominent American A. behaviorist. B. psychoanalyst. C. functionalist. D. structuralist.
answer
C. functionalist.
question
The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year________. A. Freud; 1900 B. Wundt; 1879 C. Watson; 1913 D. James; 1890
answer
C. Wundt; 1879
question
Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research? A. developmental psychologists B. biological psychologists C. industrial-organizational psychologists D. personality psychologists
answer
B. industrial-organizational psychologists
question
Discerning the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates ________, which is an important learning tool. A. critical thinking B. introspection C. the testing effect D. SQ3R
answer
B. introspection
question
Today, psychology is a discipline that A. is largely independent of other disciplines. B. is focused primarily on basic research. C. connects with a diversity of other fields. D. is focused primarily on applied research.
answer
B. connects with a diversity of other fields.
question
Today, psychology is defined as the A. science of behavior and mental processes. B. science of behavior. C. science of mental phenomena. D. science of conscious and unconscious activity.
answer
B. science of behavior and mental processes.
question
Which of the following individuals is also a physician? A. clinical psychologist B. experimental psychologist C. psychiatrist D. biological psychologist
answer
C. psychiatrist
question
By suggesting that nurture works on what nature endows, psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically endowed with a capacity for A. learning and adaptation. B. inborn ideas. C. introspection. D. natural selection.
answer
B. learning and adaptation.
question
Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist. A. clinical B. industrial-organizational C. developmental D. personality
answer
C. industrial-organizational
question
In defining psychology, the text notes that psychology is most accurately described as a A. way of asking and answering questions. B. nonscientific approach to the study of mental disorders. C. set of findings related to behavior and mental processes. D. field engaged in solving applied problems.
answer
A. way of asking and answering questions.
question
Aristotle suggested that a meal makes us sleepy by causing heat to collect around the A. brain. B. throat. C. stomach. D. heart.
answer
D. heart.
question
The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian A. chemist. B. politician. C. theologian. D. physician.
answer
D. physician.
question
Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory? A. evolutionary B. neuroscience C. behavioral D. psychodynamic
answer
C. neuroscience
question
Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective. A. behavioral B. cognitive C. behavior genetics D. psychodynamic
answer
C. behavior genetics
question
Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images. A. B. F. Skinner B. Charles Darwin C. John B. Watson D. Edward Titchener
answer
A. Edward Titchener
question
Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace? A. personality psychology B. clinical psychology C. psychiatry D. industrial-organizational psychology
answer
D. industrial-organizational psychology
question
The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of A. massed practice. B. retrieving information. C. introspection. D. role modeling.
answer
B. retrieving information.
question
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as A. behaviorism. B. cognitive neuroscience. C. positive psychology. D. humanistic psychology.
answer
A. behaviorism.
question
Dr. Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a _________ psychologist. A. biological B. social C. cognitive D. clinical
answer
B. cognitive
question
Psychologists who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called A. basic researchers. B. applied psychologists. C. clinical psychologists. D. psychiatrists.
answer
C. clinical psychologists.
question
The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of A. humanistic psychology. B. multiple levels of analysis. C. introspection. D. SQ3R.
answer
A. multiple levels of analysis.
question
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective. A. evolutionary B. social-cultural C. cognitive D. psychodynamic
answer
B. evolutionary
question
William James was a prominent American A. psychoanalyst. B. behaviorist. C. functionalist. D. structuralist.
answer
C. functionalist.
question
The Greek philosopher who believed that intelligence was inherited was A. Aristotle. B. Descartes. C. Plato. D. Simonides.
answer
C. Plato.
question
Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires A. psychoanalysis. B. a biopsychosocial approach. C. massed practice. D. introspection.
answer
A. a biopsychosocial approach.
question
A. genes and experience B. unconscious and conscious motives C. behavior and mental processes D. massed practice and spaced practice
answer
A. genes and experience
question
Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits? A. social-cultural B. evolutionary C. behavioral D. cognitive
answer
D. evolutionary
question
Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different A. natural selections. B. levels of analysis. C. unconscious motives. D. cognitive functions.
answer
B. levels of analysis.
question
The first psychology laboratory was established by ________ in the year________. A. Watson; 1913 B. Wundt; 1879 C. James; 1890 D. Freud; 1900
answer
D. Wundt; 1879
question
Who highlighted the reproductive advantages of environmentally adaptive traits? A. Aristotle B. John Locke C. Plato D. Charles Darwin
answer
D. Charles Darwin
question
In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as A. Plato is to Aristotle. B. Skinner is to Watson. C. Watson is to Skinner. D. Aristotle is to Plato.
answer
A. Plato is to Aristotle.
question
r. Robinson conducts research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent? A. biological psychology B. clinical psychology C. social psychology D. industrial-organizational psychology
answer
A. biological psychology
question
The biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-cultural influences integrated within the larger framework of A. introspection. B. humanistic psychology. C. multiple levels of analysis. D. SQ3R.
answer
A. multiple levels of analysis.
question
Charles Darwin attempted to explain the ________ that he encountered. A. unconscious thought processes B. biopsychosocial approach C. SQ3R method D. species variation
answer
C. species variation
question
William James was a prominent American A. structuralist. B. behaviorist. C. functionalist. D. psychoanalyst.
answer
C. functionalist.
question
The seventeenth-century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience is A. René Descartes. B. Plato. C. John Locke. D. Aristotle.
answer
B. John Locke.
question
Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective. A. neuroscience B. behavior genetics C. evolutionary D. social-cultural
answer
A. social-cultural
question
Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to ________. A. humanistic psychology B. cognitive neuroscience C. behaviorism D. functionalism
answer
D. functionalism
question
Two historical roots of psychology are the disciplines of A. physiology and chemistry. B. philosophy and physics. C. philosophy and chemistry. D. philosophy and biology.
answer
A. philosophy and biology.
question
Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.
answer
A. psychodynamic
question
Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
answer
A. neuroscience
question
Which psychological perspective emphasizes the interaction of the brain and body in behavior?
answer
B. neuroscience
question
Who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology?
answer
C. William James
question
Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
answer
D. Mary Whiton Calkins
question
Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
answer
C. mental processes.
question
Which seventeenth-century European philosopher believed that some ideas are innate?
answer
René Descartes
question
The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.
answer
genes and experience
question
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
answer
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
question
John B. Watson is to Edward Titchener as ________ is to ________.
answer
observable behavior; inner sensations
question
Professor McClure believes that young children are frequently able to make morally correct decisions because humans are endowed with an inborn knowledge of basic ethical principles. The professor's belief is most consistent with the views of
answer
Plato.
question
The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the ________ perspective.
answer
cognitive
question
birthdate of psychology
answer
1879
question
birthplace of psychology
answer
Germany
question
parents of psychology
answer
biology & philosophy
question
structuralism 1. what person is associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?
answer
1. Titchener 2.introspection
question
Functionalism 1. what person is associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?
answer
1. james 2.function of behavior
question
1920's psychology
answer
mental life (things going on in your head)
question
1920's-1960's psychology
answer
observable behavior (things you can see)
question
1960's psychology
answer
cognitive neuroscience (perceive, process, remember)
question
Today's psychology
answer
behavior and mental processes
question
behaviorism 1. what people are associated with this? 2.what behavior is associated with this?
answer
1. WATSON, rainer, skinner, pavlov 2.observation (if you don't see it, it doesn't matter!) NO reference to mental processes.
question
humanism 1. what people are associated with this? 2. what behavior is associated with this?
answer
1. Maslow & Rogers 2. healthy growth potential. "All ppl are grown good". " what you become is a result of what you experience in the world".
question
who's the father of psychology?
answer
Wundt
question
who had the 1st labratory?
answer
wundt
question
females in psychology
answer
calkins & washburn
question
1st female president in APA in 1905
answer
calkins
question
1st woman to be awarded a PHD, 2nd woman APA president (1921)
answer
washburn
question
nature
answer
your genetics/DNA.
question
nurture
answer
your environment.
question
3 levels of biopsychosocial
answer
1. biological: brain, genetics, hormones 2. psychological: emotional, cognitions (actions), learned behaviors. 3.social: others, models, peers
question
how many perspectives are in psychology?
answer
7
question
perspective- could be a medical thing, seizures,etc...
answer
neuroscience
question
perspective-trying to understand behavior w/ survival of the fittest "what purpose does this purpose serve?"
answer
evolutionary
question
perspective- has a nurture component. considering genetics & the environment of the person.
answer
behavioral genetics
question
perspective- dreams, questions, unconcious
answer
psychodynamic: unconscious motives (freud)
question
perspective- what can be observed, focused on learning & learning theories
answer
behavioral
question
perspective- how a person takes in info: encode, process, and store information.
answer
cognitive
question
perspective- culture impacts behavior, also sub-culture (ex. family)
answer
social-cultural
question
delinquent behaviors- pressure from peers
answer
social-cultural perspective
question
delinquent behaviors- poor fit between genetics and environment
answer
behavioral genetics
question
delinquent behaviors- survival behavior (natural selection)
answer
evolutionary
question
What are the components of scientific attitude?
answer
curiosity, skepticism, humility.
question
component of scientific attitude- evaluate, investigate, and explore.
answer
curiosity
question
component of scientific attitude-ask questions, test ideas, accept the conclusions.
answer
skepticism
question
component of scientific attitude-understanding you're sometimes wrong and admitting to that.
answer
humility
question
IRB
answer
institutional review board
question
who has to approve experiments before they take place?
answer
IRB/ Institutional Review Board
question
for experiments, APA requires use of: 1._____, 2._______, 3.__________
answer
1. informed consent 2. confidentiality 3. debrief
question
what is the purpose of informed consent?
answer
a document that gives enough info to the patient to see if they want to participate, the person signs that they are willing willing to take it. person can leave the study at anytime w/o explanation.
question
what is "debriefing" after an experiment?
answer
giving the person as much info as you can w/o jeopardizing the experiment. making sure they are ok.
question
3 methods used in research:
answer
1. descriptive 2. correlational 3. experimental
question
research method: descriptive: 1._______ 2._______ 3.______
answer
1. case studies 2. surveys 3. naturalistic observation
question
research method: correlational: 1.______
answer
association
question
research method: experimental: 1._________
answer
manipulate factors to effect results
question
case study:
answer
1 person studied in depth
question
positives of case studies:
answer
lots of info
question
limitations of case studies:
answer
completely JUST about this 1 person
question
surveys:
answer
many cases, less depth, report
question
sureveys: wording effect:______________
answer
when you write a survey, the different words you use effect the answer of the question.
question
naturalistic observation:__________
answer
describes behavior when you go into their habitat.
question
random assignment
answer
when ppl are randomly assigned for experiments.
question
random sample:____
answer
subset of population (ex. 500 of 9,500)
question
operational definition in research:
answer
specifically define what you are looking for
question
replication of research:
answer
having someone else duplicate your study and they get the same results.
question
experimental group:
answer
exposed to the treatment (they were given the lexipro)
question
control group
answer
not exposed (comparison group) ( sugar pill)
question
independent variable:
answer
manipulated factor (medication)
question
dependent variable:
answer
outcome factor: effects as measured by the set questions everyone was given.
question
psychoanalysis (person )
answer
freud
question
positive correlations
answer
as one goes up the other goes up, as one goes down the other goes down.
question
negative correlations:
answer
as one goes down, the other goes up, and vice versa.
question
only research method that allows for causation:
answer
experimentation
question
random assignment
answer
assignment by chance (minimizes group differences)
question
placebo
answer
inert substance (ex. sugar pill) ( ppl getting better, but purely psychological)
question
placebo effect
answer
results caused by expectations alone ( ex. gets better just because they know they have an appointment with a psychologist)
question
double-blind procedure
answer
experimenter and experimentee don't know if they are in controlled or experimental group.
question
basic research
answer
knowledge based
question
developmental changes 1._______2.________3.________4.______
answer
1.cognitive changes 2. physical changes 3. emotional changes 4. social changes
question
applied research
answer
solving practical problems
question
industrial-organizational (I/O)
answer
job satisfaction, productivity.
question
counseling psychology
answer
dealing with less severe everyday stressers
question
clinical psychology
answer
provides assessment and therapy. more severe things such as bipolar disorder.
question
psychiatrist
answer
prescribes medication,
question
introspection
answer
to self reflect, turn inward. idea of structuralism
question
functionalism
answer
understanding purpose, understanding "why", understanding purpose of the behavior.
question
total behavior
answer
can control: thoughts and behaviors. cannot directly control: feelings and biology