Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology Section 2 DNA Technology – Flashcards
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Genetic engineering
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Technology that involves manipulating the DNA of one organism in order to insert exogenous DNA(the DNA of another organism).
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Genome
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Total DNA in each cell nucleus of an organism.
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Restriction Enzyme
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Bacterial protein that cuts DNA into fragments.
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Gel Electrophoresis
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Process that involves using electric current to separate certain biological molecules by size.
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Recombinant DNA
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Newly generated DNA fragment containing exogenous DNA.
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Plasmid
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Any of the small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that can be used as a vector.
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DNA ligase
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Enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together.
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Transformation
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Process in which bacterial cells take up recombinant plasmid DNA.
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Cloning
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Process in which large numbers of identical recombinant DNA are produced.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)
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Genetic engineering technique that can make copies of specific regions of a DNA fragment.
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Transgenic Organism
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Organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism.
