Bio 1 – Flashcard
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________ is considered the oldest medical science
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anatomy
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Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts
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anatomy
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The smallest stable units of matter are
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atoms
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A(n) ______ is a pure substance composed of atoms of only one kind
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element
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The center of an atom is called the
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nucleus
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Electrons whirl around the center of the atom at high speed forming a(n)
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electron cloud
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Electrons in an atom occupy an orderly series of electron shells or
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energy levels
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The actual mass of an atom is known as its
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atomic mass
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Atoms of the same elements whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called
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isotopes
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The _____ of a radioactive substance is the time required for 50 percent of a given amount of radioisotope to decay
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half-life
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Ions with a negative charge are called
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anions
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The three familiar states of matter are solids, liquids, and
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gases
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Kinetic energy is stored as ____ energy when a spring is stretched
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potential
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Chemical reactions that absorb energy are called
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endergonic
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Chemical reactions that occur in the body are accelerated by
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enzymes
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In living cells, complex metabolic reactions proceed in a series of steps called
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pathways
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Compounds that contain carbon as the primary structural atom are called ____ molecules
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organic
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Compounds that do not usually contain carbons and hydrogen atoms as the primary structural ingredients are called ____ molecules
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inorganic
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Soluble inorganic compounds whose solutions will conduct an electric current are called
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electrolytes
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A(n) _____ is a homogeneous mixture containing a solvent and a solute
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solution
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Molecules that do not readily interact with water are called
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hydrophobic
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The ____ of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter
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pH
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All fatty acids contain a functional group at one end called the ___ acid group
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carboxylic
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Individual steroids differ in the ___ attached to the carbon rings
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side chains
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Molecules with two fatty acids chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called
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phospholipids
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In water, phospholipids tend to form tiny droplets with hydrophobic tails buried inside called
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micelles
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The molecule DNA contains a five-carbon sugar called
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deoxyribose
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The three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a ___ base
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nitrogenous
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The purines found in DNA are ________ and guanine
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adenine
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The pyrimidine bases found in DNA are_____ and cytosine
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thymine
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A(n) ____ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large amount of energy
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high- energy
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The "atomic number" of an atom is determined by the number of ____ it has
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protons
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The "atomic weight" of an atom reflects the average number of
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protns+nuetrons+electrons
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One mole of any element has the same
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number of atoms
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The nucleus of atom consists of
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protons+neutrons
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Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
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neutrons in the nucleus
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The mass number represents the number of
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protons+neutrons
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The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ____ electrons
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2
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Radioisotopes have unstable
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nuclei
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By weight, which element is the most plentiful in the human body?
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oxygen
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Which of these lists contains only trace elements?
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silicon,fluorine,tin
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The atomic number represents the number of
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protons in an atom
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Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it
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has a full outer electron shell
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Which element commonly has only a proton as its nucleus?
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hydrogen
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By weight, which element is the second most abundant in the human body?
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oxygen
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In any given molecule, the sum of atomic weights of its component atoms is called
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molecular mass, molecular weight
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Given the following approximate values, calculate the molecular weight for NaCL. Atomic number for Na: 11, Atomic weight for Na: 23 g/mol, Atomic number for Cl: 17, Atomic weight for Cl: 35 g/mol, Boiling point for Cl: -34 c
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58 g/mol
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The mass of an atom is largely determined by the number of ______ it has
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protons+neutrons
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Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions
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physiology
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Anatomy uses a special language, called ______ terminology, which involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease
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medical
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______ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary
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terminologia anatomica
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The study of changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ___ anatomy
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developmental
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The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called
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homeostasis
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______occurs when the activates of organs are regulated locally
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Automatic regulation
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Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ____ that detects a particular stimulus, and a (n) ___that responds to stimulus by communicating with a(n) ___whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus
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receptor, control center, effector
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_____results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system
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extrinsic regulation
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Disease is an indicator of
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All of the answers are correct
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A person lying face down is in the ___position
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prone
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A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ___position
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supine
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The common term for the buccal region is the
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cheeks
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The common term for the carpal region is the
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wrist
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The common name for the pollex is the
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thumb
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The common name for the patella is the
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knee
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A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) _____ section.
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parasagittal
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Anatomy is to ____ as physiology is to _____.
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Structure; function
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The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called
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cytology
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The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called _____ anatomy.
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surface
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The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ____ anatomy
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regional
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Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in _____ anatomy.
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pathological
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The study of the first two months of development is termed
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embryology
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The study of the function of specific organ systems is called
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systemic physiology
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Cardiovascular function is an example of
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systemic physiology
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The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to
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cytology
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Organ physiology is to ___ as gross anatomy is to ____
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Cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
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Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
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skeletal
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Which organ system transport nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
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cardiovascular
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Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?
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Lymphatic
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The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ____ system.
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Urinary
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The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the _____ system.
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endocrine
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Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?
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respiratory
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Lungs are to respiratory system as the liver is to the ____ system.
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digestive
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Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ____ system.
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Integumentary
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A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
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all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent
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The central principle of physiology is
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homeostasis
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The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed
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homeostasis
