8th Grade History Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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Thomas Jefferson
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He was the president during the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition
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Judicial Review
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Marbury vs Madison, the supreme court has final say on the meaning of the Constitution
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Federalist
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In favor of the constitution, supported strong, central government
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Louisiana Purchase
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Bought in 1803 from France for 15 million dollars, went from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
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Lewis and Clark Expedition
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Known as the Corps of Discovery, to find out if there was an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean
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War of 1812
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Known as the 2nd Revolution; England re-attacked the US trying to regain its colonies; President was James Madison; This encouraged the factory system
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Industrial Revolution
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Shift from agriculture to manufacturing; first half of the 1800s
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Lowell Mills
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Established by Francis Cabot Lowell; Hired women to live in boarding houses and work in the factory
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Factory System
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System where everything is manufactured under one roof
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Interchangeable Parts
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Used to repair machines much quicker by taking a piece from one, and putting it into another
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American System
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Boosted American manufacturing; the production of something "at home"; made America economically self-sufficient
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Erie Canal
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Connected to the Great Lakes
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Missouri Compromise
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Drew a line across the US territory; Everything North is free, everything South is slave (including Missouri); passed to keep balance in Congress regarding slaves
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Monroe Doctrine
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Issued by James Monroe; Statement that said that if Europe stayed away from the Western Hemisphere, we would stay away from Europe's affairs
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Sectionalism
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Loyalty to one's region within a country
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Andrew Jackson
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He wanted to strengthen the power of the executive branch; Democratic-Republican; Represented the common man
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Spoils System
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Act of giving out jobs to people who support you
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States' Rights
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Any right not mentioned in the Constitution automatically belongs to the state
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Difference between election of 1824 and 1828
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In 1824 you had to be a white, male, property owner in order to vote In 1828 voting rights were open to all white males
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Jacksonian Democracy
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Idea of having more people able to vote
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Indian Removal Act
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Passed in 1830; intended to move Indians from their current land in the east into Oklahoma; as a result, Trail of Tears
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Trail of Tears
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Affected Cherokee tribe; 1836
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Osceola
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Seminole Indian chief during the Second Seminole war
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Whig Party
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They formed their entire platform on complete opposition to Andrew Jackson
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Oregon Trail
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Route to the Northwest (1840s-50s)
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Land Speculators
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People who buy land hoping for prices to go up and sell them back for profit
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Mormons
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Practiced polygamy- one or more wives or husbands
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Joseph Smith
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Founder of the mormons
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Brigham Young
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Moved Mormons to Salt Lake City
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Sam Houston
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Led the Texas army First president of the Republic of Texas
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Battle of the Alamo
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One of the first battles of the Texas revolution Mexican army won under the leadership of Santa Anna
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Lone Star Republic
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Formed after the Battle of the Alamo Not admitted as a state because -It would offset the slave states and free states -America wanted to avoid a war with Spain
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Manifest Destiny
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Destiny for Americans to expand America from "sea to shining sea" Under James K Polk
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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Ends the war with Mexico Sets the Rio Grande as the southern border Mexico cedes California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada California Gold
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California Gold Rush
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Caused one of the greatest migration waves ever to California
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Immigration in the mid 1800s
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Germans left due to economic reasons (inflation) Irish left because of the potato famine Chinese left because of political problems (revolutions)
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Push-Pull Factors
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Push- What makes you want to leave Pull- What makes you want to go
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Temperance Movement
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Movement to ban alcohol
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Labor Union
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Fight for the rights of workers Organized strikes by the Lowell Mills workers because of cut wages, higher rent
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Abolition Movement
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Movement to end slavery (Speakers- Frederick Douglass, other slaves...)
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William Lloyd Garrison
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Abolitionist, best noted for THE LIBERATOR, read by Frederick Douglass
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Underground Railroad
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Network of secret routes to help slaves escape to the North
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Harriet Tubman
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Conductor on the underground railroad, became America's most wanted
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Seneca Falls Convention
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First women's rights convention, in New York City (Susan B. Anthony)
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Suffrage
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Right to vote
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Fugitive Slave Act
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You could be fined or imprisoned for aiding a runaway slave
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Bleeding Kansas
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Kansas was permitted to do popular sovereignty to decide if it was a slave state or not and people from other states flooded in to vote
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Popular Sovereignty
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Allowing states to decide whether they will allow slavery
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Stephen Douglass
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Behind the Compromise of 1850
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Abraham Lincoln
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Republican, national fame after debates with Stephen Douglas; against slavery (President)
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Dred Scott vs Sandford
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Case that ended with the fact that slaves are not U.S. citizens
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The Confederacy
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Southern states that seceded from the Union
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the confederacy
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Secede
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To leave or withdraw
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Fort Sumter
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First official Battle of the Civil War (0 casualties)
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Robert E. Lee
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General of the Confederate Army- Offered the position to lead the Union army (wanted to defeat Virginia and States' rights)
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Border States
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Slave states that stayed in the Union- Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, West Virginia
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Anaconda Plan
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Naval blockade, capture the Mississippi, capture the capital
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Technology during the Civil War
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Minnie Balls, trenches, ironclads, new rifles, telegraph
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Union general in the West
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Battle of New Orleans
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Captured by David Farragut, entry into the Mississippi River
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Seven Days' Battles
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Protected Richmond, Virginia (confederate victory)
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Battle of Antietam
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Bloodiest day in the Civil War, McClellan is fired
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Signed January 1st, 1863; Freed slaves in the South
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54th Massachusetts Volunteers
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One of the First all black regiments, African American soldiers were only allowed in the Union army, sacrificed themselves at the battle of Fort Wagner
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Clara Barton
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Civil war nurse, founded American Cross
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Conscription
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Forced enlistment into the military
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Battle of Gettysburg
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Bloodiest battle of the Civil War, begins decline of the confederacy
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Sherman's March to the Sea
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Trail of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah
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Appomattox Court House
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Robert E. Lee surrendered here
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Ford's Theatre
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Location of Lincoln's assassination
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John Wilkes Booth
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Man who assassinated Lincoln
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Thirteenth Amendment
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Freed all slaves in the United States
