question

Psychology

answer

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

question

behavior

answer

includes all of our outword or overt actions and reactions example: talking, facial expressions, movement

question

mental processes

answer

all internal, covert (hidden) activity of our minds example: thinking, feeling, remembering

question

description

answer

observing a behavior and noting everything about it WHAT IS HAPPENING? WHERE IT HAPPENS? WHOM IT HAPPENS? UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IT SEEMS TO HAPPEN.

question

theory

answer

general explanation of a set of observations or facts.

question

control

answer

change a behavior from an undesirable one to a desirable one.

question

prediction

answer

determining what will in the future.

question

explanation

answer

finding an explanation from data.

question

Wilhelm Wundt

answer

person who applied scientific principles to the study of the human mind. CONSCIOUSNESS, THE STATE OF BEING AWARE OF EXTERNAL EVENTS, COULD BE BROKEN DOWN INTO THOUGHTS, EXPERIENCES, EMOTIONS, AND OTHER BASIC ELEMENT.

question

objective introspection

answer

the process of objectively examining and measuring ones own thoughts and mental activities.

question

William Wundt

answer

"father of psychology"

question

Structuralism

answer

focus of study was the structure of the mind. EDWARD TITCHENER idea because of using thoughts and PHYSICAL SENSATIONS.

question

Edward Titchener

answer

Person who believed that every experience could be broken down into its individual emotions and sensations.

question

Margaret F. Washburn

answer

Titchener's first woman grad student who wrote : "the animal mind"

question

Harvard University

answer

First class in America to offer classes in psych in 1870's

question

Functionalism

answer

How the mind allows people to function in the real world- how people work, play, and adapt to their surroundings -William James - FOUND IN organizational psychology, organizational psychology

question

natural selection

answer

physical traits that help an animal adapt to its environment and survive are passed on to its offspring, becoming part of the animal's trait.

question

Mary Whiton Calkins

answer

denied a degree from Harvard because she was a girl

question

Francis Cecil Sumner

answer

first African American to earn Ph.D in Psych

question

Jorge Sanchez

answer

Hispanic; conducted research in the area of intelligence testing, focusing on the cultural biases in such tests.

question

educational psychology

answer

studying the application of psychological concepts to education.

question

organizational psychology

answer

studying the application of psychological concepts to businesses, organizations, and industry.

question

Max Werteimer

answer

person who felt that psychological events such as perceiving and sensing could not be broken down into any smaller elements and still be properly understood. "Naturally seek out patterns ("wholes") in the sensory information available to them. "GESTALT"

question

Gestalt Psychology

answer

the focus on studying whole patterns rather than small pieces of them. mental processes and learning

question

cognitive psychology

answer

a field focusing not only on perception but also on learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving; the basic GESTALT principles of perception are still taught within this newer field. GESTALT THERAPY

question

Sigmund Frued

answer

He was a neurologist who studies disorders of the nervous system. STUDIED THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND into WHICH WE PUSH, OR REPRESS, ALL OF OUR THREATENING URGES AND DESIRES. phobias - unconscious problems that build up.

question

personality

answer

Sigmund Frued believe _______ was developed in the first 6 years of life.

question

psychoanalysis

answer

theory and therapy based on Freud's ideas, has been the basis of much modern psychotherapy

question

psychotherapy

answer

a process in which a trained psychological professional helps a person gain insights into and change his or her behavior.

question

Ivan Pavlov

answer

a person who works with dogs; salvation.

question

conditioning

answer

a learned reflexive response. word that has to do with Ivan Pavlov dog salvation.

question

John B. Watson

answer

person with his own "science of behavior." - behavioralism; observable behavior. behavior is learned phobia- learned through the processes of conditioning and set out to prove it.

question

observable behavior

answer

something that could be directly seen and measured.

question

John B. Watson

answer

Little Albert (and causing a rat/fuzzy animal phobia.) has to do with what psychologist?

question

Mary Jones

answer

Little Peter (white rabbits phobia) has to do with what psychologist? -counterconditioning- evening things out; One thing good/with one thing bad.

question

psychodynamic perspective

answer

focus on the unconscious mind and its influence over conscious behavior and on early childhood experiences, there is less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations and more emphasis on the development of a self of social and interpersonal relationships, and motivations behind a persons behaviors.

question

operant conditioning

answer

behavioral response is reinforced with a pleasurable behavior. -kid cries ----> mom pays attention to them (gives attention) BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE

question

humanistic perspective

answer

The perspective that is also know as the "third force" in psychology. - free will -self actualization

question

free will

answer

the freedom to choose their own destiny

question

self actualization

answer

achievement of ones full potential

question

Humanism

answer

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on what type of psychology?

question

cognitive perspective

answer

focus on memory, intelligence, perception, thought processes, problem solving, language, and learning has become a major force in psychology. -studying the brain

question

cognitive neuroscience

answer

study of the physical workings of the brain and nervous system when engaged in memory, thinking, and other cognitive processes. use: MRI's, fMRI's, and PETs

question

Sociocultural perspective

answer

a perspective that include social psychology and cultural psychology. -Lev Vygostsky's (children cognitive development.) -effect people have on each other (indiv. or in a group.) and how they behave due to what they have been exposed to.

question

cross-cultural research

answer

contrast and comparisons of a behavior or issue are studied in at least two or more cultures.

question

diffusion of responsibilty

answer

the tendency to feel that someone else is responsible for taking action when others are present.

question

Biopsychology.

answer

the study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes. also known as physiological psychology, biological psychology, psychobiology, behavioral neuroscience, biopsycholgy.

question

biopsychological perspective

answer

human and animal behavior is seen as a direct result of events in the body. Effectors/causes of behavior and mental events : hormones, heredity, bain chemicals, tumors and diseases

question

biopsychologists

answer

The topics sleep, emotion, aggression, sexual behavior, and learning and memory + disorders are studied by what professionals?

question

evolutionary perspective

answer

focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share. -why we lie, etc. -research in men + woman

question

psychologist

answer

no medical training but a doctorates degree.

question

psychiatrist

answer

medical degree and is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

question

psychiatric social worker

answer

trained in the same area of social work and usually possesses a master's degree in that discipline.

question

Basic research

answer

research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge

question

applied research

answer

research aimed at answering real-world practical problems. -can take it from basic research

question

d

answer

Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics? A) humanistic B) behavioral C) psychodynamic D) Evolutionary

question

c

answer

Which perspective offered the best explanation for schizophrenia? A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) biopsychological D) humanistic

question

a

answer

Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were studying a clients early childhood experiences and his resulting development of self?

question

Empirical questions

answer

questions that can be tested through direct observation to experience.

question

Naturalistic observation

answer

observation that a researcher blends in and people don't know that they are there so they don't act differently.

question

observers effect

answer

animals or people who know they are being watched will not behave normally anyway.

question

participant observation

answer

to participate in your own research questions to blend in.

question

observers bias

answer

when the person doing the observing has a particular opinion about what he or she is going to see or expects to see.

question

blind observer

answer

people who do not know what the research question is and have no preconceived notions about what they "should" see.

question

laboratory observation

answer

observation done in a laboratory. DISADVANTAGE: artificial behavior and situation.

question

descriptive

answer

Naturalistic, laboratory, case studies, and surveys are what kind of research methods?

question

Case Study

answer

which one individual is studied in great detail. -Sigmund Freud - takes a long time -vulnerable to bias

question

courtesy bias

answer

people deliberately give what they think is the most socially correct answer rather than their true opinion in order not to offend anyone.

question

correlations

answer

is a measure of the relationship between two or more variables.

question

variable

answer

anything that can change or vary

question

correlation coefficient

answer

represents the direction of the relationship and its strength.

question

positive correlation coefficient

answer

if one goes up the other goes up. if one goes down the other goes down.

question

negative correlation coefficient

answer

if one goes up then the other goes down.

question

causation

answer

Correlation does not cause _______________

question

operational definition

answer

it specifically names the operations that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment.

question

independent variable

answer

variable that is manipulated in any experiment

question

dependent variable

answer

the response of the participants that is measured to see how the independent variable effected it.

question

confounding variables

answer

variables that interfere with each other and their possible effects on some other variable of interest.

question

experimental group

answer

group that is exposed to the independent variable (changing variable)

question

control group

answer

group that is exposed to the dependent variable (not changing variable)

question

experimenter effects

answer

effecting the experiment due to the experimenter giving clues on how to answer the prompt. body language, tone, eye contact etc. - the behavior of the experimenter cause the participant to change his/her response pattern.

question

single-blind study

answer

participants are blind to the treatment they receive. PLACEBO

question

double-blind study

answer

neither the participants nor the person or persons measuring the dependent variable know who got what.

question

insitutional review boards

answer

groups of psychologist or other professionals who look over each proposed research study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the participants in the study.

question

7

answer

animals are used in ____% of psychological studies.

question

C

answer

What is the first guideline fro doing human research? A) participants have to give informed consent. B) Deception cannot be used in any studies with human beings. C) the rights and well-being of the participants must come first. D) data must remain confidential.

Chapter 1 Psych Terms – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards