mycology study cards – Flashcards
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cell walls of the oomycota are made of what
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cellulose and flucan
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spores of oomycota are described how
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biflagellate and dimorphic and are called heterokonts
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how do the oomycota feed
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osmotrophically
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are the oomycota coenocytic
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yes
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life cycle of the oomycota are what
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gametic
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gametes are described as what
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oogamous
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O saprolegniales is in what phylum
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oomycota
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how to the oomycota differ from the chytrids
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they have diploid coenocytic thallus, cellulose not chitin cell walls and biflagellate spores
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saprophyte
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an organism frowing on and dericing its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter
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is saprolegniales homo or heterothallic
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homothallic
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acrasiomycota belong to what supergroup
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excavata
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labyrinthulomycota belong to what supergroup
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chromalvelolata
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plasmodiophorids belong to what supergroup
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thizaria
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myxomycetes and dictyosteliida bwelong to what supergroup
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amoebozoa
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supergroup amebozoa characteristics
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-amoeboid movement -pseudopodia -mitochondria with tubular cristae -cells with or without cell wall -single flagellum
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plasmodial slime molds are what
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myxomycetes
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cellular slime molds are what
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dictyosteliomycetes
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plasmodial slime mold characteristics
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-no cell wall -phagotrophic nutrition -amoeboid or flagellated movement
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cellular slime mold characteristics
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-cell wall -phagotrophic nutrition -amoeboid movement only
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are the myxomycetes coenocytic
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yes
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gametes are what
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isogamous
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what is the body of the plasmodial slime molds called
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plasmodium
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3 types of frutifications in the myxomycetes
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-sporangia -aethelia -plasmodiocarp
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what is the rest phase for the myxomycetes
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the sclerotium
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C dictyosteliomycetes's free living cells are called what
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myxamoecas
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does the cellular slime molds have a cell wall
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yes
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what are the cell walls made of in the cellular slime molds
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cellulose
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how do the cellular slime molds feed
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phagocytosis
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gametes of the cellular slime molds are what
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isogamous
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ammonia helps the cellular slime molds do what
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orient using phototaxis
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what is the structure that releases the spores in the cellular slime molds
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the sorocarp
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animals and chytridiomycota came from what common ancestor
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colonial protist resembling a choanoflagellate
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how do the chytrids feed
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saprobic and parasitic
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what are the spores called in the chytrids
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zoospores
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are the zoospores and gametes flagellated in the chytrids
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yes
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describe the holocarpic chytrids
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unicellular parasitic types of chytrids that develop withing the host.
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describe eucarpic chytrids
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unicellular parasitic types of chytrids where the sporangium develops on the outside of the host
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physoderma maydis causes what
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brown spot of maize
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physoderma alfalfae causes what
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crown wart of alfalfa
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synchytrium endobioticum causes what
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black wart disease on potatoes
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batrachochytrium dendrocatidis causes what
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the disease in amphibians that causes their skin to thicken
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the zygomycota hyphae are what
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aseptate
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what type of spore does the zygomycota produce
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asexual
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are the spores flagellated in the zygomycota
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no
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how does the zygomycota feed
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saprobes and some are parasites
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order mucorales belong to what phylum
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zygomycota
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suspensor cells
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these are the cells that hold the conjugating gametangia together while they form a zygosporangium
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the sporangium of the zygomycota is technically what
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mitosporangium
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the mitosporangia rest on what in the zygomycota
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either the zygosporangium or the stolen
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what holds the mitosporangium of the zygomycota in place
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rhizoids
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pilobolus is in what phylum
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zygomycota
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entomophthora muscae is best known for what
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being the insect killer
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how does the entomophthora muscae harm flies
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it ejects its spores onto the fly which kill it
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P glomeromycota characteristiccs
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-aseptate hyphae -asexual reproduction only -multinucleate spores
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what are arbuscules
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these are "tree-like" structures that are a feature of the P. Glomeromycota
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diseases caused by the phylum zygomycota are called what
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zygomycosis
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diseases caused by the mucorales are called what
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mucormycosis
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diseases caused by entomophthoraceous fungi are called what
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entonophthoramycosis
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what two species cause entonophthoramycosis
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-basidiobolus -conidiobolus
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mucormycosis are characterized by what
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hyphae growing in and around blood vessels
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what are the 4 species that commonly cause mucormycosis
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mucor, rhizopus, absidia, cunninghamella
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what is the most common and variable species of mucormycosis
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Mucor cicinelloides
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who is most affected by the mucormycosis
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those that lack neutrophils
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neutrophils and macrophages eliminate what
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yeasts and spores in mucormycosis
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lymphocytes are responsible for killing what
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hyphae and pseudohyphae in mucormycosis
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what is the most common species that causes zygomycosis
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rhizopus oryzae
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pulmonary zygomycosis is what
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a lung infrection caused by inhaling spores that can causes caughing up of blood
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treatments for pulmonary zygomycosis
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cytotoxins and corticosteroids or organ transplant
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cutaneous zygomycosis is what
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skin infection usually caused by a burn or diabetes
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CNS mucoraceous infection is what
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a CNS disease caused by the fungus that is implanted through needle use
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gastrointestinal zygomycosis is what
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mucormycosis that causes gastrointestinal disease
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rhinocerebral zygomycosis is what
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rare opportunistic infection of the sinuses or brain -usually deadly
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treatment for rhinocerebral zygomycosis
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-amphoteracin B -removal of infected tissue
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amphoteracin B is what
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an anticiotic that is derived from strains of actinobacteria
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basidiocolus ranarum causes what
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blasidiolomycosis
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basidiocolomycosis causes what
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subcutaneous infection and sometimes GI manifestations
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conidiobolomycosis is caused by what
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conidiobolus spp.
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individuals that have conidiobolomycosis also have what else
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CGD
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what is CGD
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a genetic disorder in which specific leukcytes are unable to kill some types of bacteria and fungi
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why can females not carry the the gene for CGD
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the disease is X linked recessive
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what is the sporangium called in the ascomycota
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ascus
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what type of spores does the ascomycota produce
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ascospores
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what are the asci resting on
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ascoma
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hyphae of the ascomycota have what 2 unique things
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-incomplete septations -woronin bodies
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what is another term for an asci
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meiosporangium
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cleistothecium
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an ascoma that is a sphere
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perithecium
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flask shaped ascoma
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apothecium
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cup shaped ascoma
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pseudothecium
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false flask ascoma
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pseudothecial ascoma contain what type of asci
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bitunicate
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perithecial ascoma contain what type of asci
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unitunicate
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apothecial ascoma contain what type of asci
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unitunicate
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cleistothecial ascoma contain what type of asci
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unitunicate
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what is the ascogonium
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the female gametangium of the ascomycota
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what is the antheridium
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the male gamatangium of the ascomycota
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what is the trichogyne
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a small tubular extension originating from the ascogonium and extending and connecting to the antheridium in the ascomycota (plasmogamy n+n)
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the tip of the ascogenous hypha bends back to form what
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crozier
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what are the 3 parts to the crozier as its forming
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-penultimate cell -apical cell -stalk cell
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subphylum pezizomycontina is composed of what
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c. discomycetes c. plectomycetes c.pyrenomycetes c.loculoascomycetes
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subphylum pezizomycontina have what 3 unique traits
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-ascoma -ascogenous hyphae -woronin bodies
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subphylum hemiascomycontina are known for what
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not having ascoma
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c. discomycetes have what type of ascoma
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apothecial
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c. plectomycetes have what type of ascoma
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cleistothecial
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c. pyrenomycetes have what type of ascoma
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perithrcial
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c. loculoascomycetes have what type of ascoma
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pseudothecial
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how does the pseudothecium and perithecium differ
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pseudothecium lacks an ascomal wall
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morchella is in what class
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discomycetes
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monilinia causes what disease
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brown spot of the peach
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c. plectomycetes are used for what
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anticiotics
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c. pyrenomycetes is known for what
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ergotism
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claviceps purpurea is what
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ergot of rye
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what is a stroma
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this is what grows from the sclerotium of the ergot of rye (black part)
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sporothrix schenckii causes what
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sporotrichosis or rose handlers disease
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sporotrichosis causes what
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subcutaneous infections that lead to infections of the lymph system (dimorphic)
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treatments for sporotrichosis
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2% ketoconazole cream and amphotericin B intravenously
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venturia inequalis is in what class
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c. loculoascomycetes
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pseudogymnoascus destructans causes what
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WNS
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treatment of Pd
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epicoccum nigrum (bio) polyethelene glycol (chemical)
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subphylum hemiascomycontina consists of what
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yeasts and leaf curl fungi
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yeast life cycle is described as what
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alternation of generations
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candida albicans can be subcutaneous or systemic which means its what?
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dimorphic
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candida albicans causes what
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candidiasis
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treatment for candidiasis
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topical creams amphotericin B and fluconazole
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coccidioidomycosis is aka
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san joaquin valley fever
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san joaquin valley fever causes what
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enlarged lymph, lung infections and weight loss
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what kind of cells are produced by the san joaqion valley fever
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arthrospores
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histoplasmosis is aka
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ohio valley fever
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histoplasma capsulatum causes what
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histoplasmosis
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histoplasmosis causes what
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lung problems that mimic tuberculosis
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treatment for histoplasmosis
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intraconazole or amphotericin B
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blastomyces dermatitidis causes what
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blastomycosis
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blastomycosis causes what
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lung infections after the spores are inhaled
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cells of the yeast of blastomyces dermatitidis are known for what
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their thick cell wall
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GMS is used for what
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it is a stain that is used to identify blastomyces dermatitidis
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treatment for blastomycosis
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amphotericin B
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pneumocystic jiroveci causes what
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pneumocystosis
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symptoms of pneumocystosis
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cough fever rapid breathing short of breath
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treatment of pneumocystosis
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trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intravenously
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paracoccidioidomycosis
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infection that can form ulcerative granulomata of the nouth nasal and occasionally the gastrointestial mucosa
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is paracoccidioidomycosis dimorphic
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yes
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treatment for paracoccidioidomycosis
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-amphotericin B -itraconazole -ketoconazole
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what were the 3 ways that the deuteromycota were originally seperated for classification
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-condia -conidioma -conidiophores
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what do the conidia rest on in the deuteromycota
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phialides or metulae that have phialides on top of them
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what are the 4 arrangments of conidia are there in the deuteromycota
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1. pycnidium 2. acervulus 3. sporodochium 4. synnema
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name the types of conidia
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-amerospore -didymospore -dictyospore -phragmospore -scolecospore -staurospore -helicospore
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how many cells to the amersporae have
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1
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how many cells do the didymosporae have
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2
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describe phragmosporae
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several cells with transverse septa
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describe dictyosporae
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many celled with both transverse and longitudinal septae
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describe scolecosporae
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filiform and 1 celled or septated
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describe helicosporae
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helical
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describe staurasporae
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star shaped
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hyalosporae means what
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light one celled or threadlike spores
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phaeosporae means what
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dark one celled nonfiliform conidia
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acervulus is what
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conidioma formed from a hyphal mass producing conidiophores located below the cuticle or epidermis
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pycnidium is what
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flask shaped conidioma with an ostiole
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what is the difference between the c. coelomycete and the c. hyphomycete
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coleomycetes conidia develop inside some type of protective structure (conidiomata)
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why are the hyphomycetes important
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we get various anticiotics from then such as penicillin and cyclosporine
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blastic development
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defined by the initial development of recognizable immature conidia before septa begin to develop and may be one of two types
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retrogressive means what
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one conidia grow at a time
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basauxic means what
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seceral conidia are at carious stages of development
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thallic development
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defined by initial development of septa followed by differentiatoin of individual conidia
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c hyphomycetes lack what
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conidiomata
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coremuim
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aggregated conidiophores that form a vertical stalk
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sporodochium
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this is a mass of conidiophores with no real shape or arrangment
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what are the two types of acervuli
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pulvinate and concave
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pycnidium
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a flask shaped structure
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c. agonomycetes is known for what
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lacking spores
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taxa in the class agonomycetes can form what
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sclerotium
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Alternaria alternata
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this is an opportunistic infection that may grow on the skin, mucous membranes, eyeballs and respiratory tract
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aspergilosis
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caused by aspergillus can cause fungus calls or pneumonia usually grows where there was previous scarring in the lungs
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invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)
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an invasive type of pneumonia that can spread to other parts of the body
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allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
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as allergic reaction to aspergillus that can cause wheezing and coughing
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what is the fruiting body of the basidiomycota called
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basidiocarp
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what are the basidiomycoyta called
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club fungi
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what are the spores called in the basidionmycota
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basidiospores
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how do the nuclei get distributed during cell division in the basidiomycota
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clamp connections
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describe the hyphae of the basidiomycota
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dikaryotic, imcomplete septations, contain dolipore septa, have no differentiated gametangia
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what group in the basidiomycota have differentiated gametangia
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uredinales (rusts)
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which groups in the basidiomycota do not contain dolipore septa
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teliomycetes (rusts and smuts)
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describe the spores in the basidiomycota
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exogenous, meiospores
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what are the basidioispores growing on
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a sterigma that is on top of a basidium
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basidiomycota are in what supergroup
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opisthokonta
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psilocybin mushrooms produce what are and used for what
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psilocybin and they can be used in cases of alcholism and depression
