Genetics – Biology – Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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genetics
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the study of heredity
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heredity
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the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
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genotype
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genetic makeup of an organism
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phenotype
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The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.
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heterozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
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homozygous
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term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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dominant alleles
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an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
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recessive alleles
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gets covered up by dominant alleles, shows up if there is no dominant allele present
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codominance
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situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
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incomplete dominance
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one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
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genotype
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eg. Yy, YY, yy
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phenotype
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eg. blue eyes
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Mendel
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The Father of Genetics
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pedigrees
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a chart that shows a trait in a family and how it is inherited
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chromosomes
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DNA molecules wrapped around structural proteins form...?
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3
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How many different phenotypes can be produced by a pair of incomplete dominant alleles?
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False
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T/F The results from a Punnett square represent the predicted phenotype of the offspring.
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True
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T/F A dihybrid cross involves two pairs of contrasting traits.
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False
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T/F An error in chromosome movement during meiosis, which can lead to chromosomal genetic disorders, is called recombination.
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False
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T/F In Mendel's experiments with the flower color of snapdragons, the F1 generation produced white flowers.
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100%
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What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
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principle of independent assortment
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Mendel's finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance if another became known as the...?
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2
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In a complete dominance inheritance pattern, how many different phenotypes can be produced?
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the father's gamete
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A human child's gender is determined by...?
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Down's Syndrome
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A child has 22 pairs of normal autosomes, except there are 3 copies of the #21 chromosome. This genetic disorder causes a condition known as...?
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Huntington's Disease
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The autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes degeneration of the central nervous system is known as...?
