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Factors/Forces Effecting Management Theory

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1. Social- what society feels 2. Economic- prices, locations, value of $1 3. Political- influence of others

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Sumerians

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Identified Control Records

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Egyptians

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Built the Pyramids,

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Israelites

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Showed staff authority and span of control

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Romans

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Showed organization and chain of command

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Adam Smith

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Wrote the Wealth of Nations and is known as "The Father of Economics" and known for his ideals of capitalism

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Roberts Owens

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"Father of Personnel Management"

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Fredrick Taylor

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"Father of Scientific Management"

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Henry Gantt

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Use of bar graph and histogram to track production and make decisions

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Principles of Scientific Management

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1. Identify the best way to do the work. 2. Train the employee to do it the best way. 3. Separate the worker function and management function 4. Hold staff meetings

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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

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Frank= "Father of Motion Study" Frank is the scientific contributor, Lillian is associated with neoclassical management.

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Therblig

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various ways to do hand motion and correct ways to do them for particular types of jobs

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Eli Whitney

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the utilization of repetitive and moving and interchangeable parts

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Max Weber

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The Father of bureaucratic management. Identified that many organizations were ran chaotically. Advocated items such as policy and procedures and schedules to make things less chaotic like job descriptions.

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Henri Fayol

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Father of Process Management

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Administrative/Process/ Functional Definition of Management

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-Planning -Organizing -Commanding -controlling

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Principle of Management - Division of Labor

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Adam Smith. Taylor. Put people in the place they are most suited to work/Specialization of managers/workers

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Principle of Management - Authority vs. Responsibility

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Authority- right to make a decision/issue a command Responsibility- Obligation to issue command, make a decision *both should be in balance*

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Principle of Management- Discipline

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it should be done in a progressive manner. Good discipline starts with communication.

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Principle of Management- Unity of Command

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every person should have only one direct supervisor or boss

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Principle of Management- Unity of Direction

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All the people should be working towards the same goal.

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Principle of Management- Subordination of the Individual to the Common Good

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When on company time, make sure workers are doing company work.

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Principle of Management- remuneration

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their should be a fair days wage for a fair days effort.

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Principle of Management- Centralization vs. Decentralization

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Centralized - more close together. De-Centralization - farther apart.

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Positional Authority

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authority based on our position in the company

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Delegated authority

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authority I have because someone gave it to me

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Principle of Management- Scalar Chain

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chain of command, whose at the top whose at the second level and so on *Hierarchy of Command*

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Principle of Management- Order

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Organization

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Principle of Management- Equity

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Fair manner of work should reflect proper equal reward

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Principle of Management- Stability

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Treat people in a way to keep company stable.

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Principle of Management- Initiative

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there should be initiative allowed in decision making for employees

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Principle of Management- Esprit de Corp

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in the spirit of cooperation, working together as a team creates a greater cooperative gain in behavior as well as productivity. Example, race cars drafting.

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Chester Barnard

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wrote a book in the 1930s, he was an executive of a major company, associated with Neo-Classical (Humanistic) Perspective of Management

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Informal Organization

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any group/team that comes into existence in the organization, that is not created by the company itself

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Acceptance Theory of Authority

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authority defined by where it originates, the authority that a person has because of the willingness of the employee to get people to do that they want them to do

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Mary Parker Follett

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associated with the Neo-Classical Perspective of Management 1.Knowledge an ingredient to Leadership 2.Shared Leadership (Empowerment)

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Elton Mayo

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Father of Human Relations Conducted The Hawthorne Studies

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The Hawthorne Studies, Illumination Study

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Wanted to find if there is a correlation b/w lightning and production. *Found that isn't a direct relationship*

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The Hawthorne Studies, Relay Assembly Test Room

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Measures of how long or a schedule effected the production. *Preferences existed w/schedule.*

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The Hawthorne Studies, Attitude/Sentiments Study

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Informal interview can be just as helpful as a questionnaire. Groups surround themselves with people like them.

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The Hawthorne Studies, Bank Wiring Observation Test

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People can manipulate who they with. *Informal work group is important formal work group* One worker can affect the performance level.

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William Dickson

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Wrote Management and the Worker- explain the Hawthorne Theory, how to handle human nature

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Abraham Maslow

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Associated with Human Resources Theory 1. Needs Hierarchy Theory

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Douglas McGregor

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Known for the X Y Theory

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X Theory

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people are lazy, not trustworthy X managers are managers that are classic managers, a directing type of manager, autocratic managers - use their own info to make their own decisions and then tell others what to do.

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Y Theory

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people are not inherently lazy, do not avoid work, do not shun responsibility, they seek it, they are viewed as being more trustworthy, they exist in a democratic management environment, participative leaders

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William Ouchi

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Created Theory Z

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Theory Z

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he combined what he thought was the best of the American approach to management. Which was Y but he thought we could learn a lot from Japanese management. The combination of the best of the American approach and the Japanese approach

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Organizational Behavior

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the new term for human resources. The relationships of people in the organization to improve productivity

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Organizational Development

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a combination of overall activities and overall approach in order to remain competitive in a changing economy

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Management Science

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a concentration on the quantitative scientific approach to improve the organization.

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Operations Management

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Concentrates on the production functions

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Total Quality Management

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Developed by Edwards Deming - developed 14 points of quality TQM emphasizes quality, was introduced in the 1990

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Employee involvement

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Make things team based

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Customer Focus

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3 step process. 1. determine who your best customers are, 2. What to your best customers want, 3. How am I doing?

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Continuous involvement

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Kaizee: operate based upon trying to be better then before

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Decisions based on facts/information

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Being able to justify decision based on quantitive info, managers will be a little more lenient

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Team-Building

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the emphasis of creating synergy through a new organizational structure

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Bench Marking

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the activities involved in trying to become a benchmark, the best at what you do

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