Fundamentals of Sports Injury Management TEST 3 (Chapter 7&9) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Define signs of an injury
answer
Things individual can hear, feel, see, or smell.
question
Define symptoms of an injury
answer
Subjective feelings, such as blurred vision, ringing in the ears, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, headache, etc.
question
Acute injury
answer
Resulting from a specific event leading to a sudden onset of symptoms.
question
Chronic injury
answer
Characterized by slow, insidious onset of symptoms that culminates in a painful inflammatory condition.
question
Injury Evaluation Process
answer
Includes, taking a history of current condition, visually inspecting the area for noticeable abnormalities, physically palpating the region for abnormalities, and completing functional stress, stress, or special tests.
question
Injury Assessment
answer
Should follow a consistent, sequential order to ensure that as much information as possible is obtained.
question
HOPS Format
answer
Uses both subjective and objective information to recognize and identify problems contributing to the condition.
question
History
answer
A complete history includes information on the primary complaint, cause or mechanism of injury, characteristics of the symptoms, and related medical history that may affect specific condition.
question
Primary complaint
answer
Explored in detail to discover the evolution of symptoms, including the location, onset, severity, frequency, duration, and limitations caused by the pain.
question
Mechanism of Injury
answer
The physical cause under which the injury occurred.
question
Characteristics of Symptoms
answer
Somatic pain (deep, superficial), visceral pain, and referred pain.
question
Related Medical History
answer
Scenarios involving acute conditions, obtaining information regarding other problems or conditions that may affect the current condition.
question
Observation
answer
Focuses on individuals state of consciousness, and body language, which may indicate pain, disability, fracture, dislocation, or other conditions.
question
Palpation
answer
Involves the healthcare provider physically touching and feeling the body of the injured individual.
question
Testing
answer
Includes functional tests, stress tests, special tests, neurologic testing, and sport or activity-specific functional testing.
question
Functional tests
answer
Identify patients ability to move a part through the range of motion actively, passively, and against resistance.
question
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
answer
Joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction. Indicates individual's willingness and ability to move the injured body part.
question
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
answer
Distinguishes injury to contractile tissues from non-contractile or inert tissues.
question
Resisted Range of Motion
answer
Assess muscle strength and detect injury to the nervous system. Performed by applying an overload pressure in a stationary or static position.
question
Stress tests
answer
Occur in a single plane, and graded accordingly to severity. Specifically, sprains of ligamentous tissue are generally rated on a three-degree scale
question
Special tests
answer
Occur across planes and are not graded. (Speed's tests, assessing pathology and Thompson's test, assessing potential rupture to Achilles tendon)
question
Neurological tests
answer
1. Somatic portion; provides sensory input from the skin, fascia, muscles, and joints. 2. Visceral component; supplies the blood vessels, dura mater, periosteum, ligaments, and intervertebral discs.
question
Activity-Specific Functional testing
answer
Involve the performance of active movements typical of the movements executed by the individual during sport or activity participation.
question
Injury Assessment and the Coach
answer
The coach should be prepared to assess a range of acute conditions as the first respondent. It is not within the duty of care to of a coach to assess and manage post-acute, chronic, or stress-related injuries.
question
Primary Survey
answer
Determines the level of responsiveness and assesses airway, breathing, and circulation. (ABC's)
question
Assessment of Unconscious Individual
answer
1. Do not move individual if possible spine injury, 2. Call their name loudly and gently touch the arm, 3. If no response, pinch soft tissue in armpit, 4. If still no response, immediately initiate the primary survey, 5. If individual isn't breathing and there is no pulse, activate EMS, and perform CPR, 6. If individual is breathing and has a pulse, activate emergency plan and monitor the condition through assessing their vital signs.
question
Secondary Survey
answer
Performed to identify the type and extent of any injury, and the immediate disposition of the condition.
question
Vital Signs
answer
Assessed to establish a baseline of information, and indicate the status of cardiovascular and CNS.
question
Pulse
answer
Assessed by counting the carotid pulse rate for a 30- second period and then doubling it.
question
Respiration
answer
Breathing rate is assessed by counting the number of respirations in 30 seconds and then doubling it.
question
Temperature
answer
Normal body temp= 98.6ºF, but can fluctuate considerably.
question
Skin Color
answer
Indicates abnormal blood flow and low blood oxygen concentration in a particular body part of an area.
question
Pupils
answer
Responsive to situations affecting the CNS.
question
Diplopia
answer
Individual sees two images instead of one
question
Blood Pressure
answer
Pressure or tension of the blood within the systemic arteries, generally the aorta.
question
Bones of the Skull
answer
Protect the brain, and the facial bones provide structure of the face and form the sinuses, orbits of the eye, nasal cavity, and mouth.
question
The Scalp
answer
Composed of three layers; the skin, subcutaneous connective tissue, and pericranium.
question
The Brain
answer
Outermost membrane is the dura mater, and fibrous tissue containing dural sinuses.
question
Meninges
answer
The entire brain and spinal cord are enclosed in three layers of protective tissue.
question
Dural Sinuses
answer
Act as veins to transport blood from the brain to the jugular veins of the neck.
question
Arachnoid mater
answer
Thin membrane internal to the dura mater, separated from the dura mater by the subdural space.
question
Bones of the Face
answer
Provides bony framework and protection for the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears.
question
The Eyes
answer
Surrounded by three protective tissue layers called, tunics.
question
Protective Equipment for the Head and Face
answer
Includes, a helmet, face guard, mouth guard, eye/ear wear, and throat protector.
question
Scalp Injury
answer
First area of contact in trauma. Primary concerns with any scalp laceration are to control bleeding, prevent contamination, and assess for a possible skull fracture.
question
Techniques to Assess Balance and Coordination
answer
1. Finger to nose test 2. Gait 3. Romberg Test
question
Skull Fracture
answer
Fracture can be linear, comminuted, depressed, or basilar.
question
Types of Skull Fractures
answer
Linear (in a line) Comminuted (in multiple pieces) Depressed (driven internally toward the brain) Basilar (involving the base of the skull)
question
Skull Fracture (Signs and Symptoms)
answer
Complaints of severe headache and nausea, as well as changes in pupils.
question
Skull Fracture (Management)
answer
1. Avoid moving individual 2. Check ABC's, if necessary perform CPR 3. Cover any open wounds 4. Monitor individual until EMS arrives
question
Cerebral Injuries
answer
Impact can cause a shock wave to pass through the skull to the brain, causing acceleration. Acceleration can lead to shear, tensile, and compression strains within the brain substance.
question
Coup-type Injury
answer
Brain is traumatized at the point of impact
question
Contrecoup-type Injury
answer
Force of the brains weight accelerates and hits the opposite side of the skull (Injury away from the actual impact site)
question
Focal Injuries
answer
Involve localized damage
question
Diffuse Injuries
answer
Involve widespread disruption and damage to the function or structure of the brain.
question
Focal Cerebral Injuries
answer
Usually result in localized collection of blood or hematoma
question
Epidural Hematoma
answer
Caused by a direct blow to the side of the head and is almost always associated with a skull fracture.
question
Epidural Hematoma (signs and symptoms)
answer
Individual may experience an initial loss of consciousness at the time of injury, following by a lucid interval in which the individual feels somewhat normal and asymptomatic.
question
Subdural Hematoma
answer
Classified as either acute, which presents 48 to 72 hours after injury, or chronic which can be simple or complicated
question
Complex Subdural Hematoma
answer
Characterized by continuous of the brain's surface and associated cerebral swelling that increase intra-cerebral pressure.
question
Diffuse Cerebral Conditions
answer
Involve trauma to widespread of the brain rather than one specific site.
question
Concussions
answer
A disturbance in brain function caused by a direct blow to the head or indirect force that produces a jarring of the brain.
question
Post Concussion Syndrome
answer
May develop after any concussion. Cognitive impairments may extend from the time of injury to 48 hours after trauma and last for several weeks to months.
question
Second Impact Syndrome
answer
Occurs when individual who has sustained an initial head injury, usually a concussion, sustains a second head injury before the symptoms associated with the first one have totally resolved.
question
The Coach and Concussion
answer
The primary responsibility for the coach is to recognize potential signs and symptoms of a concussion. Also, take vital signs to establish baseline of information that can be rechecked