question

Management

answer

planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively

question

efficiency

answer

measure of how productively resources are used to achieve a goal

question

effectiveness

answer

measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managers have selected for the organization and of the degree to which the organization achieves these goals

question

planning

answer

identifying and selecting appropriate goals; one of the four principal tasks of management

question

strategy

answer

a cluster of decisions about what goals to pursue, what actions to take, and how to use resources to achieve goals; outcome of planning

question

organizing

answer

structuring working relationships so organizational members work together to achieve organizational goals; one of the four principal tasks of management

question

leading

answer

articulating a clear vision and energizing and enabling organizational members so that they understand the part they play in achieving organizational goals; one of the four principals of management

question

controlling

answer

evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals and taking action to maintain or improve performance; of the four principal tasks of management

question

conceptual skills

answer

the ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect- top level managers

question

human skills

answer

the ability to understand, alter, lead and control the behavior of other individuals and groups

question

technical skills

answer

job specific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role (engineers) lower level

question

schneider ASA framework

answer

attraction selection attrition

question

big 5 personality framework (OCEANS)

answer

extroversion-positive affectivity, high sales, high customer relations

question

neuroticism

answer

negative affectivity, devil's advocate, very critical, high quality control

question

agreeableness

answer

likeability scale, good in team setting, get along well with others

question

conscientousness*

answer

most consistently related to performance, detail-oriented, organized, self disciplined, careful

question

openness to experience

answer

broader interests, willing to take risks

question

locus of control

answer

internal = highly motivated, external = based on luck, deflating

question

self-monitoring

answer

good at paying attention to social cues, high sales; if low = consistent behavior in all situations, devil's advocate, honest feedback

question

self-esteem

answer

low = need more nurturing, high - motivated to take on a challenge

question

McClelland Needs

answer

1. Need for achievement, 2. Need for affiliation *3. Need for power

question

Ability

answer

in order to affectively manage ability - selection = nature, placement = nature (placing people where they best fit) training = nurture

question

work values - extrinsic

answer

consequences of work - pay, salary, job security, benefits

question

work values - intrinsic

answer

work itself - wanting to be challenged, autonomy(freedom to make decisions), responsibility, opportunity to grow, learn, develop

question

job satisfaction determinants

answer

personality-extroversion, values/alignment, work situation*, social influence - coworkers

question

facet model

answer

pay, benefits, vacation, job safety, job security 1-5 scale, very dissatisfied -->very satisfied, 60 or better is a good score

question

Herberg's Two Factor Theory - hygiene

answer

Hygiene(extrinsic) dissatisfied --> not dissatisfied

question

Herberg's Two Factor Theory - motivators

answer

intrinsic, not satisfied --> satisfied

question

Steady-state model

answer

personality dictates where start location is on model

question

JS ---> performance

answer

positive relationship/moderate

question

JS ---> OCBs

answer

positive moderate/strong

question

JS ---> employee well-being

answer

positive moderate/strong

question

JS ---> absenteeism

answer

negative/weak

question

JS ---> turnover(quitting)

answer

negative/moderate, not always a bad thing

question

JS ---> customer satisfaction

answer

positive moderate

question

JS --->workplace deviance

answer

negative moderate

question

organizational commitment

answer

how the employee feels about the organization as a whole

question

theory x

answer

the average worker is lazy, dislikes work and will try to do as little as possible; manager must supervise them closely and control their behavior by means of "the carrot and the stick" - rewards and punishments

question

theory y

answer

assumes that workers are not inherently lazy, will do what is good for the organization

question

rules of governing ethical decision making - utilitarianism

answer

greatest good for the greatest number - pleasure/pain - majority rules

question

moral rights rule

answer

golden rule - maintains and protects fundamental inalienable rights and priveleges

question

justice rule

answer

fairness, impartial, equitable, distribution of harms and benefits

question

practical rule

answer

accepted standards and practice, significant other expectations

question

kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development - preconventional level

answer

stage 1: punishment avoidance stage 2: exchanges, fair for oneself

question

kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development - conventional level

answer

stage 3: significant others' expectations stage 4: society's laws & rules majority of people are here (look outside for guidance)

question

kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development - principal level

answer

stage 5: principles of moral rights justice, "self" less than 20%

question

glass ceiling

answer

invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from moving up corporate ladder

question

glass elevator

answer

discriminates against women; men move up the ladder at a faster pace than women

question

sexual harassment - quid pro quo

answer

"this for that" asking employee to perform sexual favor in exchange for some award, or punishment avoidance

question

steps to eradicate sexual harassment

answer

develop/clearly communicate, fair complaint procedure, take corrective action immediately, provide education/training to all members and managers

question

hofstede's national culture

answer

individual/collectivism, power distance - whether society allows for a large gap between upper and lower class, achievement vs. nurturing, uncerainty avoidance - risk, tolerance for risk, short term vs. long term, demographic forces, political & legal forces

question

global environment

answer

set of forces and conditions in the world outside an organization's boundary that affect the way it operates and shape its behavior - present managers with opportunities and threats

question

task environment

answer

set of forces and conditions that originate with suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors - most immediate and direct effect on managers

question

general environment

answer

wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political and legal forces

question

mission statement

answer

broad declaration - declares organization's purpose, identifies their product, serves to differentiate from competitors

question

steps in planning process

answer

determine org's mission and goals, formulate the strategy, implement the strategy

question

Jay Barney VRIO framework

answer

sustaining a competitve advantage - resources and capabilities; in order to sustain an above industry average and long-term competitive advantage organization must be valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized

question

Porter's Five forces model (threats)

answer

-level of rivalry - competitors -potential for entry - competitors - power of the supplier - suppliers - power of the customer - customer -substitutes - competitor

question

direct supervision

answer

is the most immediate and potent form of control

question

clan control

answer

value, norms of control

question

Skinner's Operant Conditioning

answer

behavior vs. consequence - people learn when they make the connection between behavior and consequence

question

desired behavior results in...

answer

positive reinforcement = more time off, increased learning negative reinforcement - creating a threat

question

groupthink

answer

pattern of faulty and biased decision making that occurs in groups whos members strive for agreement among themselves at the expense of accurately assessing information relevant to a decision

question

nominal group technique

answer

group members write down ideas and solutions, read their suggestions to the whole group and discuss and then rank alternatives

question

production blocking

answer

a loss of productivity in brainstorming sessions due to the unstructured nature of brainstorming

question

delphi technique

answer

group members do not meet face to face but respond in writing to questions posed by the group leader

question

equal pay act 1963

answer

requires that men and women be paid equally if they are performing equal work

question

title 7 of civil rights

answer

prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on basis of race, religion, sex, color or national origin - includes hiring, firing, pay, promotion, and working conditions

question

age discrimination in employment

answer

prohibits discrimination against workers over the age of 40

question

ADA

answer

Americans with Disabilities Act - prohibits discrimination against disabled individuals

question

low-cost strategy

answer

managers try to gain a competitive advantage by focusing the energy of all the organization's departments or functions on driving the company's costs down below the costs of its industry rivals

question

differentiation strategy

answer

distinguishing an organization's products from the products of competitors on dimensions such as product design, quality or after-sales service

question

fixed reinforcement

answer

fixed interval(element of time) = salary fixed ratio(# of actions or behaviors) = commission fixed = specific

question

variable reinforcement

answer

variable interval(element of time) - evaluations variable ratio(# of actions or behaviors) - compliments variable = average

question

punishment

answer

-make sure you do not punish with an audience -punish behavior, not the person(don't attack the individual) -downplay emotional element -punish the behavior immediately -provide an example of what you'd like to see

question

economist view of motivation

answer

pay is the key motivating factor

question

job enlargement

answer

increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor

question

job enrichment

answer

increasing the degree of responsibility a worker has over his or her job

question

organization change

answer

the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase efficiency and effectiveness

question

agency theory

answer

a theory of the relationship between principals and their agents; board vs. CEO

question

efficiency wage theory

answer

look at industry average and do it better

question

maslow's hierarchy of needs

answer

self-actualization(learning and development) esteem(recognition) belongingness(working relations) society needs(job security) physiological(pay)

question

Aldefer's E->R->G

answer

Growth- self-actualization Relatedness->belongingness Existence->pay

question

equity theory - ratio

answer

inputs/outcomes the self is looking at what they put in, over what they get out ways to restore = change inputs, outcomes, referent, perception, quit/leave

question

referent

answer

coworker, self @ different time/job, expectation

question

expectancy theory

answer

effort --->performance ---> outcome ^^expectancy ^^instrumentality ^^valence expectancy explains relationship between effort and performance instrumentality explains relationship between performance and outcome

question

situational leadership model

answer

*ability and willingness** leader style - s1 - telling, s2 - selling(telling and explain why something is done a certain way), s3 - participating(getting individual involved), s4 - delegating(empowerment)

question

benchmarking

answer

the process of comparing one company's performance on specific dimensions with the performance of other, high-performing organizations

Essentials of Contemporary Management – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards