Child psychology Midterm - Flashcards

Q: Nonnormative life events are -unusual events that influence a person\'s life. -events that generally happen to everyone. -typical for a given population. -traumatic or unhappy events.

unusual events that influence a person\'s life

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of physical development in early childhood? -Handedness appears. -Appetite diminishes. -Abstract thinking emerges. -Fine and gross motor skills improve.

answer

Abstract thinking emerges

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r. Dunn studies the way that children of different ages organize information in memory. His research focuses primarily on __________ development. -physical -personality -cognitive -psychosocial

answer

cognitive

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Professor Hughes believes that students can better understand the developmental nature of behavior by studying human origins, both as a species and as individuals. Professor Hughes's belief is consistent with _______ view of child development. -John Locke's -Charles Darwin's -John Watson's -Alfred Binet's

answer

Charles Darwin's

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A __________ is a specific time during development when a given event, or lack of an event, has the greatest impact. -cohort -nonnormative event -critical period -developmental milestone

answer

critical period

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The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the Internet are considered ______ influences. -nonnormative age-graded -normative history-graded -normative age-graded -nonnormative history-graded

answer

normative history-graded

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Nonnormative life events are -unusual events that influence a person's life. -events that generally happen to everyone. -typical for a given population. -traumatic or unhappy events.

answer

unusual events that influence a person's life

question

Rubella has a disastrous impact if it is contracted during the first trimester of a pregnancy, yet has hardly any impact if contracted later in a pregnancy. This is an example of -heredity. -normative age-graded events. -maturational timing. -a critical period.

answer

a critical period

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During __________, children begin to develop self-control and have more interest in others. -infancy -toddlerhood -early childhood -middle childhood

answer

early childhood

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Annette started crawling, then standing, and is now taking her first steps. This aspect of Annette's development falls within the _______ domain. -physical -motivational -biological -toddler

answer

physical

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Attachment is particularly important during which developmental period? -infancy and toddlerhood -early childhood -middle childhood -adolescence

answer

infancy and toddlerhood

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Developmental scientists are interested in ________ development. -physical -cognitive -psychosocial -physical, cognitive, and psychosocial

answer

physical, cognitive, and psychosocial

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Which of the following helped to pioneer the study of child development as a true science? -G. Stanley Hall's book Adolescence -the establishment of research institutes at Berkeley and Yale -Arnold Gesell's studies on motor development -all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Katherine grew up attending private Catholic schools. Each year at Christmas, she and her classmates decorated a tree in school and did the same at home. For Katherine's classmates and family, the tree decorating was a _________ event. -nonnormative -normative -cohort -cultural

answer

cultural

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Which one of the following is NOT a factor that determines socioeconomic status? -ethnicity -income -education -occupation

answer

ethnicity

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Events such as puberty and entry into formal education, which are highly similar for people in a particular age group, are considered -normative age-graded influences. -normative history-graded influences. -cohort experiences. -nonnormative life events.

answer

normative age-graded influences

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Dr. Ortiz, a pediatrician, charts his patients' brain and body growth, overall health, and motor skills. Dr. Ortiz is documenting -hereditary factors. -neurological development. -physical development. -developmental domains.

answer

physical development

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The Ferkle family goes away each year to see such sights as the world's largest ball of string and the world's largest landfill. On each vacation, they make certain that both parents and children are included. Their vacations are shared by the _______ family. -extended -nuclear -inclusive -derivative

answer

nuclear

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Events that occur at about the same age for people around the world, such as starting school, are called -normative age-graded influences. -normative history-graded influences. -nonnormative life events. -cohort-determined influences.

answer

normative age-graded influences

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Research looking at influences on development indicates that -every child has a unique developmental trajectory. -developmental milestones are universal. -heredity is more important than environment. -there are few gender or ethnic differences in physical or cognitive maturation.

answer

every child has a unique developmental trajectory

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Characteristics that are the result of inborn influences are generally attributed to -heredity. -the environment. -both heredity and environment. -a natural sequence.

answer

heredity

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During which developmental period do children develop speech and locomotion, and become somewhat more assertive and self-reliant, yet need considerable help in restraining their impulsive behavior? -infancy and toddlerhood -early childhood -middle childhood -the preschool years

answer

early chidhood

question

All of the individuals who were elementary school students in New York City during the 9/11 Terrorist attacks shared a common experience. This group is referred to as a(n) -cohort. -historical generation. -culture. -encounter group.

answer

historical generation

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Kari is very tall for her age. She has fewer friends than her average-sized classmates. This is an example of the interaction between which two types of development? -physical and cognitive -cognitive and psychosocial -physical and psychosocial -personality and psychosocial

answer

physical and psychosocial

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__________ first emphasized the developmental nature of behavior by publishing a record of his son's sensory, motor, language, and emotional milestones during his first years of life. -Charles Darwin -John B. Watson -Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard -John Dewey

answer

Charles Darwin

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A society or group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, and language is referred to as its -subculture. -ethnicity. -culture. -origin.

answer

culture

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In the case study involving "Genie," researchers found that -there is a critical period for language development. -no critical period exists for language acquisition. -the critical period for language development begins in middle childhood. -adolescence is an optimal time for acquiring a second language.

answer

there is a critical period for language development

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Children become proficient in regulating their own behavior and are very interested in their peer group during -infancy. -toddlerhood. -early childhood. -middle childhood.

answer

middle childhood

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The totality of experiential influences on development is generally referred to as -a natural sequence. -maturation. -the environment. -heredity.

answer

the environment

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Child development is the scientific study of the processes that human beings undergo from the moment of conception through adolescence. The main focus of study is how children -change. -develop physically. -develop social relationships. -learn language skills.

answer

change

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Which of the following events paved the way for the scientific study of child development? -the discovery of vaccines -the enactment of child labor laws -scientific discoveries about the nature of conception -all of the above

answer

all of the above

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he sex of a child is determined by the sex chromosomes of -the mother. -the father. -both the mother and the father. -neither the mother nor the father.

answer

the father

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Which of the following are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? -Gametes -Gymnosperm -Androsperm -Genes

answer

Genes

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If Darla has albinism but neither of her parents exhibit this inherited condition, the trait must be _____ and Darla's genotype for this trait is _____. -dominant; homozygous -recessive; homozygous -dominant; heterozygous -recessive; heterozygous

answer

recessive; homozygous

question

Which of the following statements about the influences of heredity and environment is correct? -A person's height is determined by his or her genes. -A person's potential range of height is genetically determined, but actual height may be influenced by nutrition. -The genetic upper limit or range of height can be increased by improved nutrition. -Nutrition is more important than are genetic limits or range.

answer

a person's potential range of height is genetically determined, but actual height may be influenced by nutrition

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Most traits, like intelligence, are polygenic. -True -False

answer

True

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Dizygotic twins are the result of two ova and two sperm. -True -False

answer

True

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Fred and Wilma have discovered that their infertility is due to Fred's extremely low sperm count. In an attempt to get pregnant, Wilma has a doctor inject a collection of her husband's sperm directly into her cervix. This procedure is called -in vitro fertilization. -sperm transfer. -artificial insemination. -ovum transfer.

answer

artificial insemination

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Suzanne has brown eyes but also carries a gene for blue eyes. Suzanne is _____ for the trait of eye color. -homozygous -unizygous -monozygous -heterozygous

answer

heterozygous

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Although Roberto's adoptive parents are short in stature, he is growing to be tall like his biological mother. What might we conclude about Roberto's height? -It is influenced primarily by environmental factors. -It is influenced primarily by hereditary factors. -Nutrition did not contribute to his height. -It is primarily a result of independent segregation.

answer

It is influenced primarily by hereditary factors

question

A psychological disorder that is marked by a loss of contact with reality, includes such symptoms as hallucinations and delusions, and seems to have a strong genetic component is -neuroticism. -depression. -schizophrenia. -mental retardation.

answer

schizophrenia

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Melvin grew up near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant when the meltdown occurred. An analysis of his genetic material indicates changes that are consistent with radiation exposure. The term that describes such genetic or chromosomal alteration is called -mutation. -transmission. -transduction. -selective alteration.

answer

Mutation

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Sex-linked traits -are usually passed from father to son. -are never manifested in females. -can be carried by females who do not display them. -are carried by dominant genes.

answer

can be carried by females who do not display them

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Several members of the Theroz family suffer from schizophrenia. Concordance rates for schizophrenia are highest between: -mothers and biological sons or daughters. -grandparents and grandchildren. -members of monozygotic twin pairs. -members of dizygotic twin pairs.

answer

members of monozygotic twin pairs

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A common female cause of infertility is -underproduction of ova. -abnormal ova. -blockage of the fallopian tube. -disease of the uterine lining, which prevents implantation of the fertilized ovum.

answer

blockage of the fallopian tube

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Child A's sex chromosomes are XX, and Child B's sex chromosomes are XY. Child A is a(n) ______ and Child B is a(n) _______. -identical twin; fraternal twin -fraternal twin; identical twin -boy; girl -girl; boy

answer

girl; boy

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Fertilization usually takes place in the _____ as the ovum make the trip from the ovary to the uterus. -womb -fallopian tube -ovaries -cervix

answer

fallopian tube

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Brooklyn has curly hair but carries a gene for straight hair. Her phenotype is -curly hair. -straight hair. -unknown. -her total genetic makeup.

answer

curly hair

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When both parents carry an abnormal recessive gene, such as the gene for cystic fibrosis, each of their children has 1 chance in: -2 of being a carrier. -4 of being a carrier. -2 of receiving two abnormal recessive genes. -2 of receiving two normal genes.

answer

2 of being a carrier

question

The differential expression of certain genetic traits is known as -genome imprinting. -genome splitting. -chromosome imprinting. -chromosome splitting.

answer

genome imprinting

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All of your genetic material is your genotype, whereas your observed characteristics are your phenotype. -True -False

answer

Ture

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In fertilization, the male and the female gametes combine to create a single cell called a(n) _____, which then duplicates itself again and again to become a baby. -zygote -ovum -sperm -follicle

answer

Zygote

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The idea that each child in a family grows up in a unique environment is referred to as _____ effects. -nonshared environmental -macrosystem -shared environmental -hereditary

answer

nonshared environment

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A pattern of inheritance in which certain characteristics carried on the X chromosome inherited from the mother are transmitted differently to her male and female offspring is called ______ inheritance. -recessive -dominant -multifactorial -sex-linked

answer

sex-linked

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At birth, girls are born with all of the ova she will ever produce. -True -False

answer

True

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Which birth defect afflicts African Americans more than it does other ethnic groups? -Tay-Sachs disease -sickle-cell anemia -cystic fibrosis -Cooley's anemia

answer

sickle-cell anemia

question

Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome are caused by abnormalities of the -autosomes. -sex chromosomes. -teratogens. -phenotypes.

answer

sex chromosomes

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The chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called -zygotes. -genes. -gametes. -autosomes.

answer

autosomes

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Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is FALSE? -The vast majority of genetic abnormalities are associated with the mother's ovum. -There is no connection to paternal genetic abnormalities. -Down syndrome is also called trisomy-21. -The risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases with parental age.

answer

There is no connection to paternal genetic abnormalities

question

Down syndrome occurs on the thirteenth chromosome. -True -False

answer

False

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Genes that produce alternative expressions of a trait are called -gametes. -alleles. -autosomes. -karyotypes.

answer

alleles

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Risk screening, vaccinations, and counseling are all recommended before women think about getting pregnant as part of preconception care. - True - False

answer

True

question

Environmental factors that may produce birth defects are called -blastocysts. -allergens. -teratogens. -toxinogens.

answer

teratogens

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An unborn baby is often most vulnerable to prenatal environmental influences before a woman even realizes that she is pregnant. This vulnerability occurs during the __________ stage. -fetal -embryonic -germinal -terminal

answer

embroyonic

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Tehra's obstetrician is using a medical procedure that employs high-frequency sound waves to detect the outline of the fetus and to observe its movements. This is called -amniocentesis. -chorionic villus sampling. -an ultrasound. -karyotyping.

answer

an ultrasound

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In which stage of prenatal development does the fertilized ovum become implanted in the wall of the uterus? -Germinal -Seminal -Fetal -Embryonic

answer

Germinal

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The second stage of pregnancy occurs between 2 to 8 weeks after conception. During this stage, we refer to the organism as a(n) -blastocyst. -embryo. -fetus. -zygote.

answer

embryo

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Women who gain less than 15 pounds during pregnancy are -more likely to have healthy babies. -less likely to have late miscarriages. -less likely to have complications. -more likely to have low-birth-weight babies.

answer

more likely to have low-birth-weight babies

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The fetal stage of development is reached _____ after conception. -1 week -2 weeks -8 weeks -6 months

answer

8 weeks

question

Drugs known to be potentially harmful when taken during pregnancy include -synthetic estrogen. -ibuprofen. -Accutane, an acne medicine. -all of the above.

answer

all of the above

question

Melissa has had two miscarriages and is understandably anxious about her third pregnancy. She realizes that a miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is most likely to occur in which trimester of the pregnancy? -First -Second -Third -There is equal risk throughout all three trimesters.

answer

First

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The second stage of prenatal development is the embryonic stage. -True -False

answer

True

question

Corella is 37-years-old and pregnant. She has a brother who was born with Down syndrome. Which of the following tests will most likely be recommended during Corella's pregnancy? -Ultrasound -Embryoscope -Umbilical cord sampling -Amniocentesis

answer

Amniocentesis

question

The fertilized ovum divides and implants in the wall of the uterus during which stage of gestation? -Fetal -Embryonic -Germinal -Terminal

answer

Germinal

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In which of the following procedures is a sample of fluid taken from around the fetus and analyzed for possible defects? -Amniocentesis -Chorionic villus sampling -Ultrasound -Electronic fetal monitoring

answer

Amniocentesis

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Which of the following statements is true of prenatal care? -Experts believe that more emphasis should be placed on proper prenatal care even before women get pregnant. -Prenatal care focuses primarily on screening for treatable defects and diseases. -The United States has uniform national standards for prenatal care. -Prenatal care is unnecessary for healthy women.

answer

Experts believe that more emphasis should be placed on proper prenatal care even before women get pregnant

question

Laurence and Kristina, pregnant with their first child, have read about their baby's development and learned that their baby will grow more rapidly during the _____ than at any other time. -first month after conception -second trimester -third trimester -last week of pregnancy

answer

First month after conception

question

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is associated with -neural tube defects. -fetal alcohol syndrome. -Down syndrome. -all of the above.

answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome

question

Which of the following statements about the father's role in transmitting birth defects is correct? -So far, little research has been conducted on the father's contribution. -According to research, the father's role is virtually nonexistent; birth defects are almost always transmitted by the mother. -Young age of the father is associated with certain rare conditions such as dwarfism and Marfan's syndrome, and it may be a factor in Down syndrome. -Advanced age of the father at conception may be associated with fetal defects.

answer

Advanced age of the father at conception may be associated with fetal defects

question

An amniocentesis samples the placenta to determine chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders. -True -False

answer

False

question

In which prenatal assessment procedure is tissue taken from the membrane around the embryo? -Chorionic villus sampling -Amniocentesis -Maternal blood test -Ultrasound

answer

Chorionic villus sampling

question

At which stage of gestation is exposure of the fetus to alcohol the most damaging? -Embryonic -Germinal -Fetal -Terminal

answer

Embryonic

question

Insufficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy increases the risk of having a baby with -autism. -leukemia. -spina bifida. -sudden infant death syndrome.

answer

Spina bifida

question

Pregnant women over age 40 and pregnant adolescents are at increased risk for having -offspring with chromosomal abnormalities. -inadequate prenatal care. -babies weighing more than 8 pounds. -fraternal twins.

answer

offspring with chromosomal abnormalities

question

In the United States, which of the following pregnant women is likely to get the least amount of prenatal care? -Angela, an unmarried teenager -Bea, a married woman -Delia, who has a college education -Sandra, who just turned 45 years of age

answer

Angela, an unmarried teenager

question

Research has linked the use of marijuana during pregnancy with -premature births. -neurological disturbances in the infant. -leukemia. -all of the above.

answer

All of the above

question

Which of the following may be associated with caffeine consumption during pregnancy? -Leukemia -Sudden infant death syndrome -Hyperactivity -Obesity

answer

Sudden infant death syndrome

question

Doctors warn that smoking during pregnancy contributes to which of the following? -Miscarriage -Sudden infant death syndrome -Low birth weight -All of these are possible outcomes.

answer

All of these possible outcomes

question

Which prenatal stage of development lasts the longest? -Germinal stage -Fetal stage -Embryonic stage -Each stage lasts for the same amount of time—one trimester.

answer

Fetal Stage

question

The correct order for the three prenatal stages is -fetal, embryonic, and germinal. -embryonic, fetal, and germinal. -germinal, fetal, and embryonic. -germinal, embryonic, and fetal.

answer

Germinal, embryonic, and fetal

question

A pregnant woman feels the movement known as quickening at about the _____ month. -first -second -fourth -ninth

answer

Fourth

question

Patrick and Lacey attend prepared childbirth classes where they are taught breathing and muscular responses designed to speed up the birth. minimize the fear and pain associated with labor. bring about a hypnotic state during delivery. slow down contractions during labor.

answer

minimize the fear and pain associated with labor

question

An electronic fetal monitor is used to track the fetus's heartbeat. to detect any serious problems. to gather information in high-risk deliveries. for all of the above.

answer

for all of the above

question

The end of the second stage of childbirth is indicated by dilation of the cervix. the emergence of the baby from the mother's body. the expulsion of the placenta. contractions that occur every 8 to 10 minutes.

answer

The emergence of the baby from the mother's body

question

Often, a neonate is assessed using the the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, which examines the oxygen content of the blood. color, pulse, and breathing. responses to the environment, such as alertness, reflexes, and control. neurological maturity.

answer

responses to the environment, such as alertness, reflexes, and control

question

According to the most recent research cited in the text, a strong mother-infant bond can develop only during the first few hours after birth. through a process that appears similar to imprinting. most effectively when a midwife and doula are present at birth. even if the newborn and mother do not have contact during the first few hours after birth.

answer

even if the newborn and the mother do not have contact during the first few hours after birth

question

When Billy's mother brings his new baby sister home from the hospital, the first thing that he asks her is if he can touch her. His mother says yes, but to be careful not to touch the soft spot on her head. Billy's mother is referring to the fontanels. vernix. apex. corpus callosum.

answer

Frontanels

question

The most common method of childbirth is a _____ delivery. vaginal medicated cesarean forceps

answer

vaginal

question

Which of the following statements about the prognosis for low-birth-weight babies is correct? Those weighing less than 2 pounds have almost no chance of survival past two years. Most survivors are left with disabling conditions. Their social development tends to be poor. Some low-birth-weight babies are at a risk for learning disabilities.

answer

Some low-birth-weight babies are at a risk for learning disabilities

question

The placenta is expelled from the mother's body during the _____ stage of childbirth. first second third fourth

answer

third

question

The condition of a baby whose Apgar score is 3 is very healthy. within normal range. slightly below normal. dangerous; the baby needs immediate resuscitation.

answer

dangerous; the baby need immediate resuscitation

question

The Costellos' baby daughter did not begin to breathe within 5 minutes after birth, and doctors are concerned that she may have suffered brain damage due to hypothermia. anoxia. hyperphagia. oxidation.

answer

anoxia

question

Mary is in the delivery room giving birth to her first child. Her cervix has fully dilated, and the baby's head is just visible in the vaginal canal. Mary is in which stage of childbirth? First Second Third Fourth

answer

second

question

Gannon and his twin brother Garrett have just been evaluated for their responses to stress, ability to calm down, reflexes, hand-mouth coordination, alertness, and response to cuddling. Which test have they been given? Apgar scale Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Denver Development Screening Test PKU screen

answer

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

question

Kathleen is in labor and is told by her physician that the baby's feet, rather than his head, are moving down the birth canal first. What type of delivery is likely to be performed? Lamaze delivery Vaginal delivery Cesarean delivery Natural delivery

answer

Cesarean delivery

question

The most serious risk for low-birth-weight babies is that they may be stillborn. die in infancy. be very sick during the first year of life. have severe physical deformities.

answer

die in infancy

question

In the first few days of life, newborns typically have small heads in proportion to their bodies. acquire lanugo. lose weight. appear very dark.

answer

lose weight

question

Jim and Heather are delivering their first child. Jim is coaching Heather in her breathing and encouraging her to practise her relaxation techniques. This is an example of a cesarean delivery. doula-assisted childbirth. stillbirth. the Lamaze method.

answer

the lamaze method

question

Neonatal jaundice is caused by incomplete development of the circulatory system. immaturity of the liver. incomplete development of the respiratory system. an inability to regulate body temperature.

answer

immaturity of the liver

question

Postmature babies are at risk for brain damage. hyaline membrane disease. respiratory distress syndrome. childhood obesity.

answer

Brain death

question

The major cause of high infant mortality rates among African Americans is older maternal age. chronic maternal illness. higher rates of low-birth-weight babies. all of the above.

answer

higher rates of low-birth-weight babies

question

If an infant inherits the gene for PKU, and it is left untreated, the result will be neonatal jaundice. a hormonal imbalance. neurological damage. mental retardation.

answer

mental retardation

question

Yvonne has begun to experience uterine contractions that are causing her cervix to dilate. She is in the _____ stage of childbirth. first second third fourth

answer

first

question

A healthy newborn can receive a maximum score of _____ on the Apgar scale. 10 8 6 4

answer

10

question

Jaedyn was born five days before her due date. She weighed 5 pounds at birth. Jaedyn would be classified as a _____ infant. normal full-term premature preterm small-for-date

answer

small-for-date

question

During childbirth, dilation of the cervix occurs during the first stage. during the second stage. during the third stage. shortly before the first contractions occur.

answer

during the first stage

question

The _____ is a test that assesses five aspects of behavior in order to measure a newborn's response to the environment. Apgar scale Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale Bayley scale PKU screen

answer

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

question

Most babies begin to breathe as soon as they are exposed to air. about 30 seconds after birth. about 4 minutes after birth. only after a sharp slap on the bottom.

answer

as soon as they are exposed to air

question

An experienced helper who provides emotional support to a woman during labor is referred to as a(n) maternity nurse. doula. labor facilitator. adjunct.

answer

doula

question

The Apgar scale does NOT measure pulse. gross motor ability. respiration. activity.

answer

gross motor ability

question

Which of the following newborns would have the highest Apgar score? Ann, who is listless and blue, with limp muscle tone Billy, who is pink with blue extremities, a slow pulse, and slow breathing Carmela, who is coughing and crying, is pink, and has a rapid pulse David is blue, with a slow pulse, and irregular breathing

answer

Carmela, who is coughing and crying, is pink, and has a rapid pulse

question

Barbara is delighted that her 4-month-old son Matt is developing normally. At this age, Matt should be able to -roll over. -sit unsupported. -pick up small objects. -stand while holding on.

answer

roll over

question

According to the proximodistal principle, -growth occurs from the center of the body outward. -growth occurs from top down. -upper and lower body parts develop simultaneously. -the order of development depends on environmental influences.

answer

growth occurs from the center of the body outward

question

Pediatric experts recommend that iron-enriched solid foods be introduced gradually between ages ___ and ____ months. -2; 4 -3; 5 -6; 12 -12; 16

answer

6;12

question

Jenna's pediatrician recommends that her newborn son receive lots of sensory stimulation. The doctor tells her to stimulate the sense that is the most developed. Which of the following techniques should Jenna use? -Play classical music softly. -Give her newborn a massage. -Turn the lights on and off. -Show the infant complex pictures.

answer

Give her a newborn massage

question

To observe the development of a child's fine motor skills, a psychologist would ask the child to -draw with a crayon. -read a children's book. -throw a baseball. -kick a football.

answer

draw with a crayon

question

Three-month-old Eddie extended his arms automatically in an attempt to break a fall, when his mom tilted him downward to pose for a picture. Eddie's automatic response to movement is an example of a _____ reflex. -primitive -postural -Babinski -locomotor

answer

postural

question

Which of the following groups has the highest risk of dying from SIDS? -Babies of average birth weights -Babies weighing more than 9 pounds at birth -Black babies of low birth weight -White babies of low birth weight

answer

Black babies of low birth weight

question

If a normal, healthy infant dies in his sleep, he most likely suffered from -sudden infant death syndrome. -fetal alcohol syndrome. -hyaline membrane disease. -trauma.

answer

sudden infant death syndrome

question

Which of the following is recommended by doctors to reduce the occurrences of SIDS? -To avoid letting babies sleep on their stomach -To give babies more solid food than liquid food -To let infants share a bed with the mother or any other adult -To use very soft bedding in the crib

answer

To avoid letting babies sleep on their stomach

question

Physical skills that involve the large muscles are called _____ motor skills, and physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand coordination are called _____ motor skills. -gross; fine -large; gross -fine; large -fine; gross

answer

Gross; fine

question

An automatic, involuntarily, innate reaction to stimulation is called a(n) -unconditioned response. -reflex. -neutral response. -conditioned response.

answer

reflex

question

Which of the following reflexes tends to remain throughout one's lifetime? -Blinking -Rooting -Grasping -Babinski

answer

Blinking

question

Which of the following statements about obesity is true? -The age of an overweight child is a poor indicator for obesity in adulthood. -Overweight has increased in infancy as in all age groups in the United States. -An overweight child with only one obese parent is not likely to become obese later in life. -Infants and toddlers in the United States tend to eat much less than required.

answer

Overweight has increased in infancy as in all age groups in the United States.

question

According to the cephalocaudal principle, -upper body parts develop before lower parts. -lower body parts develop before upper parts. -upper and lower body parts develop simultaneously. -the order of development depends on environmental influences.

answer

upper body parts develop before lower parts

question

Newborns have an innate preference for _____ tastes. -bitter -sour -sweet -salty

answer

sweet

question

Which of the following is a primary function of the left hemisphere of the brain? -Visual and spatial functions -Language and logical thinking -Motor skills and locomotion -Vision and hearing

answer

Language and logical thinking

question

The leading cause of postneonatal infant death in the United States is: -fetal alcohol syndrome. -sudden infant death syndrome. -poor medical care. -unintentional injuries.

answer

Sudden infant death syndrome

question

Which of the following brain structures has its major growth period before birth and is responsible for basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate? -Brain stem -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Frontal lobe

answer

Brain stem

question

Children's most rapid physical growth takes place during the _____ year of life. -first -second -third -fourth

answer

first

question

Which of the following infants is at the greatest risk of SIDS? -Alexander, who is 10 months old and has frequent colds and other respiratory ailments -Barry, who is 2 weeks old and has irregular sleep patterns and an overweight mother -Curt, who is 3 months old and has a teenage unmarried mother who smokes regularly -Samantha, who is 6 months old and had a difficult birth

answer

Curt, who is 3 months old and has a teenage unmarried mother who smokes regularly

question

Which of the following statements about the components of a neuron is true? -Axons receive incoming messages from dendrites. -Synapses are the nervous system's communication links. -Glial cells are narrow, branching, fiber-like extensions. -Dendrites send signals to other neurons.

answer

Synapses are the nervous system's communication links

question

Which of the following motor skills is present at birth? -The ability to lift the head while lying on the stomach -The ability to hold the head erect while being held -The ability to grasp with the thumb and index finger -The ability to roll over purposefully

answer

Ability to lift the head while lying on the stomach

question

Which of the following refers to a baby's ability to pick up tiny objects using the thumb and the index finger? -Pincer grasp -Raking grasp -Palmar grasp -Grasp reflex

answer

Pincer grasp

question

By examining an infant's reflex behaviors, we can assess -neurological development. -intelligence. -handedness. -personality development

answer

Neurological development

question

Babies begin using different forms of locomotion such as scooting, crawling, and standing -between 2 and 4 months. -between 6 and 10 months. -during the 5th month. -from 11 months on.

answer

between 6 and 10 months

question

Why are babies' heads so large in proportion to their body size? -The head widens the birth canal so the rest of the body can pass easily. -The baby's brain and head are more developed than are other parts of the body. -The brain is surrounded by a large volume of fluid that gradually subsides after birth. -The head has excess fat at birth to protect it during passage through the birth canal.

answer

The baby's brain and head are more developed than are other parts of the body

question

When authorities remove a maltreated child from his/her home, the usual alternative placement is -foster care. -with neighbors. -with relatives. -an orphanage.

answer

Foster care

question

Which of the following factors is the fifth leading cause of infant death in the United States? -Sudden infant death syndrome -Fetal alcohol syndrome -High birth weight -Unintentional injuries

answer

unintentional injuries

question

A study of infants' hearing suggests that infants identify new speech sounds from those they have heard before -as early as 3 days after birth. -at about 2 weeks after birth. -at about 4 weeks after birth. -as early as 10 days after birth.

answer

as early as 3 days after birth

question

Which of the following is a part of the brain that maintains balance and motor coordination? -Cerebellum -Brain stem -Spinal cord -Cerebrum

answer

Cerebellum

question

Social workers are sometimes trained to administer the HOME, which assesses the effect of a child's home environment on physical development. emotional health. intellectual development. future career success.

answer

intellectual development

question

Noam Chomsky defined a language-acquisition device as a(n): perceptual mechanism that allows reinforcement to strengthen commonly used words. mechanism that enables the brain to infer linguistic rules from the language it hears. inborn mechanism that helps children to understand the meanings of words. teaching method that helps children to become literate.

answer

mechanism that enables the brain to infer linguistic rules from the language it hears

question

_____ suggests that human beings have an inborn capacity or mechanism for acquiring language. Learning theory Nativism Behaviorist theory Social-learning theory

answer

Nativism

question

Lucas is interested in the basic mechanics of learning, especially how behavior changes in response to experience. Lucas's interest is consistent with the _____ approach. Piagetian behaviorist psychometric dialectical

answer

behaviorist

question

Most children speak in two-word sentences by the age of ____ months. 8 10 14 24

answer

24

question

Leah has been amusing her parents with her ability to remember new words, people's names, and the names of her dolls. This type of intentional memory that allows children to recall and declare facts, names, and events is known as _____ memory. explicit implicit expressive purposeful

answer

explicit

question

Piaget's theory has continued to be accepted with modifications. has been found to be deeply flawed. has stimulated little recent research. was influential only in the 1950s and 1960s

answer

has continued to be accepted with modifications

question

Babies learn speech best from television. recordings. practice in overextension. communication with someone.

answer

communication with someone

question

_____ memory refers to remembering that occurs without effort or even conscious awareness. Implicit Explicit Practiced Repressed

answer

Implicit

question

Chomsky's proposal that humans possess a language-acquisition device is most consistent with a(n) _____ view of language acquisition. learning theory nativist empiricist prelinguistic

answer

Nativist

question

_____ is a communication system based on words and grammar and _____. Psycholinguistics; language Literacy; psycholinguistics Language; cognitive development Language; psycholinguistics

answer

Language;cognitive

question

Kaitlyn spends her day discovering the world by putting almost everything she touches in her mouth. She is in Piaget's _______ stage. sensorimotor preoperational concrete operational formal operational

answer

sensorimotor

question

Researchers use the _____ approach to cognitive development when they focus on the quality of cognitive functioning at different stages of life. psychometric Piagetian information-processing behaviorist

answer

Piagetian

question

Helen spends all day listening to her baby babbling and cooing. She believes that she and her baby are having "conversations." The baby is practicing "motherese." prelinguistic speech. linguistic speech. nonsymbolic speech.

answer

prelinguistic speech

question

The _____ approach to cognitive development focuses on perception, learning, memory, and problem solving. information-processing behaviorist neuroscience social-contextual

answer

information-processing

question

Derek says, "Wa," meaning "I want some water." This is an example of a monophrase. a holophrase. a synonym. "motherese."

answer

a holophrase

question

Infants first communicate their emotions at birth, by crying. 6 months of age, by babbling. 12 months of age, by imitating sounds. 18 months of age, by using words.

answer

birth, by crying

question

Silvia spends hours saying "da-da-da-da." This is an example of babbling. telegraphic speech. a holophrase. a language acquisition device.

answer

Babbling

question

A newborn who smiles at a smiling adult is engaging in ______ imitation. mirror invisible deferred circular

answer

mirror

question

Learning is a result of experience. ability. maturation. all of these.

answer

all of these

question

Penny loves to play peekaboo with her baby brother. The realization that an object or person continues to exist even when out of sight is known as deferred representation. object permanence. deferred symbolism. attachment.

answer

object permanence

question

Three-month-old Francella likely communicates happiness through holophrases. cooing. babbling. imitation.

answer

cooing

question

The modern intelligence test originated with _____ and was used to identify children who could not handle academic work and needed special instruction. Nancy Bayley Alfred Binet Jean Piaget J. B. Watson

answer

Alfred Binet

question

Fred is involved in a heated argument with Gene. Gene believes that the stages of a child's cognitive development are worthy of study. Fred sarcastically comments that this field of study is nothing more than speculation about the mind and that all that really matters is what you observe individuals doing. Gene is taking a _____ approach, while Fred is a proponent of the _____ approach. behaviorist; psychometric Piagetian; behaviorist psychometric; Piagetian Piagetian; information-processing

answer

Piagetian; behaviorist

question

A father talked on the telephone in front of his baby. The next day, the baby picked up a toy telephone and repeated his father's actions. According to Piaget, this is an example of deferred imitation. social learning. invisible imitation. reciprocal interaction.

answer

deferred imitation

question

Research on early visual preferences demonstrates that very young infants pay more attention to familiar patterns than to new ones. pay more attention to new patterns than to familiar ones. cannot discriminate between new patterns and familiar patterns. show no consistency in the attention they give to new and familiar patterns.

answer

pay more attention to new patterns than familiar ones

question

The length of time spent looking at a new stimulus compared with the length of time looking at familiar stimuli is called habituation. visual-recognition. visual preference. attention recovery.

answer

visual preference

question

Tanya tells her mother a story before going to bed. She is the "storyteller," while her mother is the active listener. This is similar to what reading style? Describer Authoritarian Comprehender Performance-oriented

answer

Describer

question

Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech? "Cookie." "Want cookie." "I want a cookie." "I want a chocolate chip cookie."

answer

Want Cookie

question

Two-year-old Monica was playing with a balloon when it popped in her face and frightened her. Now when she sees a balloon, she starts to cry. This type of learning is called habituation. operant conditioning. classical conditioning. latent learning.

answer

Classical conditioning

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