question

Anthropologists want to learn about as many different human ways of life that they can.

answer

The people they come to know are members of their own society or live on a different continent, in cities or rural areas.

question

Anthropology can be defined as

answer

The study of human nature, human society, and the human past. (Greenwood and Stini 1977). It is a scholarly discipline that aims to describe in the broadest sense what it means to human.

question

What is distinctive about the way anthropologist study human life?

answer

AS we shall see, anthropology is holistic, comparative, field based, and evolutionary.

question

Holism

answer

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that describes, at the highest and most inclusive level, how anthropology tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and their activities, with the result that the whole is understood to be greater than the sum of its parts.

question

Comparison

answer

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to consider similarities and differences in as wide range of human societies as possible before generalizing about human nature, human society, or the human past.

question

anthropology is a field-based discipline.

answer

That is, for almost all anthropologists, the actual practice of anthropology- its data collection- takes place away from the office and direct contact with the people, the sites, or the animals that are of interest.

question

anthropologists are in

answer

direct contact with there data.

question

evolution

answer

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to place their observations about human nature , human society, or the human past in a temporal framework that takes into consideration change over time.

question

evolution is at the

answer

core of the anthropological perspective.

question

anthropologists examine

answer

the biological evolution of the human speies, which documents change over time in the physical features and life processes of human beings and their ancestors.

question

anthropologists have long been interested in

answer

cultural evolution, which concerns change over time in beliefs, behaviors, and material objects tha shape human development and social life.

question

biological evolution is not the same as

answer

cultural evolution.

question

culture which we define here as patterns

answer

Sets of learned behavior and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society. Human beings use culture to adapt to and to transform the world in which they are in.

question

biocultural organisms

answer

Organisms (in this case, human beings) whose defining features are codetermined by biological and cultural factors.

question

material culture

answer

Objects created or shaped by human beings and given meaning by cultural perspective.

question

human beings are more

answer

dependent than any other species on learning for survival because we have no instincts that automatically protect us and help us find food and shelter.

question

Daniel Miller

answer

" the best way to understand, convey, and appreciate our humanity is through attention to our fundamental materiality" and this means taking material culture seriously.

question

What it is not

answer

exotic, primitive, or the savage, terms that anthropologists reject.

question

North American Anthropology has be divided into four subfields:

answer

biological Anthropology, cultural Anthropology, linguistic Anthropology, and archaeology.

question

races

answer

Social groups that allegedly reflect biological differences.

question

racism

answer

The systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "race" that justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule.

question

Frans Boas

answer

who in the early 1900's founded the first department of anthropology in the united states, at Columbia University.

question

Stated, students were trained in both human biology and human culture to provide them with the tools to fight racial stereotyping.

answer

After World War II, this position gained increasing strength in North American anthropology, under the forceful leadership of Sherwood Washburn.

question

biological anthropology (or physical anthropology)

answer

The specialty of anthropology that looks at human beings as biological organisms and tries to discover what characteristics make them different from other organisms and what characteristics they share.

question

primatology

answer

The study of nonhuman primates, the closest living relatives of human beings.

question

paleoanthropology

answer

The search for fossilized remains of humanity's earliest ancestors.

question

cultural anthropology also called( sociocutural anthropology, social anthropology, or ethnology.)

answer

The specialty of anthropology that shows how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings as members of society-that is, by culture.

question

sex

answer

Observable physical characteristics that distinguish two kinds of humans, females and males, needed for biological reproduction.

question

gender

answer

The cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for each sex.

question

cultural anthropologist

answer

talk to many people, observe their actions, and participate fully as possible in a group's way of life.

question

anthropologists rejects labels like

answer

civilized and primitive.

question

fieldwork

answer

An extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of their data

question

informants

answer

People in a particular culture who work with anthropologists and provide them with insights about their way of life. Also called respondents, teachers, or friends.

question

ethnography

answer

An anthropologist's written or filmed description of a particular culture.

question

ethnology

answer

The comparative study of two or more cultures.

question

language

answer

The system or arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode one's experience of the world and of others.

question

linguistic anthropology

answer

The specialty of anthropology concerned with the study of human languages.

question

archaeology

answer

A cultural anthropology of the human past involving the analysis of material remains left behind by earlier societies.

question

applied anthropology

answer

The subfield of anthropology that uses information gathered from the other anthropology specialties to solve practical cross-cultural problems.

question

people who share information about their culture and language with anthropologists

answer

informants (respondents, collaborators, teachers, or "the people I work with."

question

fieldworkers gain insight into another culture by participating with members in social activities and by observing those activities as outsiders.

answer

research method known as " participant observation" is central to cultural anthropology

question

write ethnographies

answer

called ethnographers

question

who compare ethnographic information

answer

called ethnologists

question

sociolinguistics

answer

study the way language differences correlate with differences in gender, race, class, or ethnic identity.

question

pidgins

answer

when speakers of unrelated languages are forced to communicate with one another, producing languages called

question

anthropology of practice

answer

anthropologists who work in a non-university setting.

question

medical anthropology

answer

The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health-the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness.

question

medical anthropology is one of the most

answer

rapidly growing branches. It has developed into in an important anthropological sepecialty that has found new ways to link biological and cultural anthropology.

question

critical medical anthropology

answer

which links questions of human health and illness in local settings to social, economic, and political processes operating on a national or global scale.

question

Anthropology involves

answer

learning about the kinds of living organisms we human beings are, the various ways we live our lives, and how we make a sense of our experiences.

question

anthropology is a

answer

field-based discipline

question

anthropology is considered to have five major subfields

answer

biological anthropology, archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, and applied anthropology

question

contemporary anthropologists

answer

are interested in human biology include biological anthropologists, primatologists, and paleoanthropologists.

question

medical anthropology concerns

answer

concerns itself with human health and illness, suffering, and well-being.

Anthropology 201 Chapter 1 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards