7th Grade Civics Study Guide (Final Exam) – Flashcards
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What are two consequences that a juvenile can experience without spending time in jail.
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detention and probation
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The number one contributing factor of why people are in debt today is the use and abuse of what?
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credit cards
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Rule of law means the principle of law applies to whom?
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everyone including those who govern
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Which of the following is the best reason why people should serve on juries when they are called?
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People can protect their right to a trial by jury only if citizens are willing to be on juries.
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The original Alabama Constitution of 1901only called the legislature to hold session once every 4 years. Because of these infrequent sessions, proposals of what began.
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numerous amendments
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A voter must show proof of residence in order to verify that he or she is voting in the appropriate district. Which of the following are must be presented?
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Driver's License
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Mentoring students Leading a museum tour Reading a book for the blind Which of the following do these actions show?
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Becoming involved in the community
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Who are allowed to attend juvenile hearings?
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only those allowed in the proceedings
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There are three steps to becoming a citizen if a person was not born in the United States. 1. Declaration of Intention 2. Taking required history courses 3. If application is approved, the final step is to state the what?
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Oath of Allegiance
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What even dealt a serious blow to the banking industry?
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The Great Depression
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If a person has a large amount of money, how are some ways to protect it?
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invest and save
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Changes of supply and demand of oil from 2003 and 2007 have increased. According to the Information below what has not changed since 2005? Supply 2003: 79.5 2004: 83 2005: 84.5 2006: 84.5 2007: 84.5 Demand 2003: 79.5 2004: 82.5 2005: 83.75 2006: 84.5 2007: 85.5
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supply
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According the information below, BP oil production has increased in the United States by approximately --- gigabarriers per year from 1980 to 2006. In 1980 the production was 8 gigabarriers. In 2006 the oil production was 12 gigabarriers.
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4
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Investors will usually buy stock if they think they will do what?
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make money
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A European nation specializes in many industries, such as footwear and glass. Its economy thrives because of trade in these specialized industries. How does this trade affect the nation?
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It uses its profits to produce more specialized goods.
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What power does the Constitution give Congress for suppressing rebellions?
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power to call forth the militia
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What effect did the McKinley Tariff of 1890 have on American business?
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Limiting foreign competition increased profits for companies.
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How did the establishment of the American colonies benefit the economy of Great Britain?
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Colonies provided Great Britain with raw materials and markets for finished goods.
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How does the theory of mercantilism lead to an increase in global trade?
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Nations gain wealth through trade with their colonies.
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What marked the beginning of self-government in colonial American?
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House of Burgesses
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Why did the authors of the U.S. Constitution decide to separate the powers of government into three equal branches?
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to keep any one person from gaining too much government power
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What is the correct sequence for the lawmaking process in Congress?
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introduce bills, discuss bills in committee, revise bills, vote on bills
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What was the principal reason the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution?
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to protect individuals from a strong central government
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How is the way citizens participate in a direct democracy different from that in a representative democracy?
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In a direct democracy, all citizens may be decision makers.
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According to the United States Constitution, who has the power to declare war?
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Congress
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In 1934, after the banking system collapsed resulting in millions of Americans losing their savings, the Federal Government created which department to protect deposits.
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F.D.I.C.
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In what form of government can all citizens take part in making laws?
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direct democracy
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The president sometimes plays a role in the lawmaking process that is not set forth in the Constitution. What is that role?
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proposing a bill to Congress
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In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a president does not have the authority to establish war crimes tribunals. How does this decision support the system of checks and balances?
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by establishing a limit on the actions of one branch of government
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The police think Jason vandalized the school gym, but they cannot arrest Jason without proof that he committed the crime. In this situation, how would both the Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution help protect Jason?
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The Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution both guarantee the right of habeas corpus.
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How was the Mayflower Compact an early form of government in the colonies?
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It was a contract that bound new settlers to form one government in the new world.
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How is democracy in the United States different from the democracy practiced in ancient Athens?
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United States citizens elect representatives to make laws for them.
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The president nominated a judge to be the next chief justice of the Supreme Court. The Senate failed to confirm the nomination. What does this example demonstrate?
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branch of government the ability to limit the actions of the other two branches.
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How do the rights of citizens in a representative democracy differ from the rights of citizens in a monarchy?
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Citizens in a representative democracy are able to choose their own leaders.
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The Magna Carta prohibited the king of England from raising new taxes without first getting the approval of his Great Council. In the late 1700s, American colonists referred to this as "no taxation without representation." How was this idea incorporated into the U.S. government?
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Congress must approve any new taxes
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Who has the authority to keep the powers of municipal governments in check?
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the voters and the state government
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How did the Declaration of Independence change the conflict between the colonies and England?
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It spelled out specific reasons for the break with British rule.
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According to John Locke's social contract philosophy, why was the Declaration of Independence justified?
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Colonists had a right to break away from Great Britain because it no longer protected their natural rights.
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What was the legislative body that drew up the English Bill of Rights in 1689?
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Parliament
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Starting with the Supreme Court decision in Marbury verses Madison, how is the conflict resolved when two parties disagree about what the U.S. Constitution means?
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It is resolved by the judicial branch.
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Which of these is not important responsibility of an American citizen?
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having freedom of speech
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List three ways that a citizen can participate in government?
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write a letter to a Congress vote campaign for political candidates
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What is legally required of every adult citizen?
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obey the laws
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What is the act of buyers and sellers freely engaging in market transactions.
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Voluntary exchange
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It is outlined by the Tenth Amendment that State governments may exercise which powers
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reserved
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What is it called when a product is pulled from the market for a safety issue.
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recall
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Use this list to answer the following question. Characteristics of Medieval Europe: Barbarian invasions and frequent wars Reduced travel and communication No central political authority How did these characteristics affect economic activity in medieval Europe?
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People engaged less in trading and more in growing and making what they needed.
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What regulates the ways state and local governments can raise and spend money?
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state constitutions
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The second law passed by Congress in 1789 was a tariff on imported goods. Why did the United States take this step?
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to pay for the operation of the federal government
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Which of the following groups assassinated Julius Caesar?
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senators
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Citizens can suggest new federal laws by contacting whom?
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their senator
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How does government seek to maintain the balance between individual liberties and the public interest?
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by adapting government policies and procedures as needed
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The government of the United States wants to rent out water rights in the Great Lakes. Residents who live on the shores of the Great Lakes disagree with this idea. How can these residents influence the government's decision?
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They can write to their leaders, sign petitions, and participate in public protests.
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Which territory was added to the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great?
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Babylonia
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How are different types of crimes categorized in the United States?
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as misdemeanors and felonies
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What invention has encouraged more people to live in the desert Southwest?
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Air conditioning
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What effect did the decision in 212 A.D. to give every free man in the Roman Empire citizenship have on the stability of the Empire?
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It led to cooperation and loyalty from the conquered people.
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Can the national government unmake a law passed by Congress?
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Yes, when the Supreme Court decides a law is unconstitutional
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How can citizens use their constitutional powers to express opposition to their senator?
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Vote for a different representative in the next election
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City-states of Mesopotamia often went to war with each other in order to gain control of what resource?
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river water
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What are people called that act like judges by reviewing cases and resolving disputes?
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arbitrators
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What can an interest group do to increase citizen impact on national legislation?
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Unite people to influence Congress through their strength in numbers
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Use the information below to answer the following question. Immigration to the U.S.: 1820-2010 1881-1890 = 400,000 1901-1910 = 9,000,000 1990-2000 = 12,000,000 2001-2010 - 13,000,000 Which decade in the 20th century had the most U.S.Immigrants ?
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1990-2000
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The penal code for each state spells out what?
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their crimes and the punishments for them
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What means that the defendant does not admit guilt but will not fight the prosecution's case.
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No contest
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What does the judge declare when the jury cannot reach a verdict?
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a hung jury
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What do we call the party bringing the lawsuit
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plaintiff
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What is the term used to describe a jury made up of juveniles who hear a juvenile justice case?
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peer jury
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What is a document called that tells a person or group of a lawsuit against them and orders them to appear in court on a given date and time.
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summons
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An act that breaks a federal or state criminal law and causes harm to people or society in general is known as what?
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crime
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What is given under an oath to tell "the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth."
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Testimony
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After a witness testifies for one side, then the other side is allowed to him or her. What is this called?
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cross-examine
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What is the term for the party being sued?
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defendant
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A young person under the age of adulthood who commits a crime is known as what?
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a juvenile delinquent
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What is the term for the complaint and the answer taken together?
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pleadings
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What is the proceeding called when a defendant is presented with the charges and asked to enter a plea.
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arraignment
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The defendant is immediately released when there is a vote of what?
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an acquittal
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Expressing complaints about community problems or suggestions for improving your community are protected by the freedom of what?
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petition
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What is aimed to correct a persons' behavior rather than punish the person.
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Rehabilitation
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The Nineteenth Amendment extended what to women.
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suffrage
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The term for a young person under the legal age of adulthood
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juvenile
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What is needed before a citizen can be put on trial for a serious federal crime?
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an indictment
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The Twenty-fourth Amendment prevents Southern states from using this to keep African Americans from voting.
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poll taxes
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Which Amendment protected the right of women to vote in all national and state elections
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Nineteenth
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Lectures, Internet communication, and radio and TV broadcasts are covered by the guarantee of freedom of what?
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speech
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The Founders of the United States believed that an important purpose of government was to protect whose rights?
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the individual's
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The First Amendment is probably the best known amendment because it protects five basic what?
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freedoms
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The Sixth Amendment guarantees this.
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a speedy trial
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Forming and joining clubs, political parties, and labor unions are part of our freedom of what?
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assembly
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The idea that people cannot be forced to testify against themselves is called protection against what?
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self-incrimination
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A sentence of life imprisonment for stealing a loaf of bread is an example of what?
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cruel and unusual punishment
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A search warrant is a document issued by a whom?
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a judge
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What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution known as?
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Bill of Rights.
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In 1934, after the banking system collapsed resulting in millions of Americans losing their savings,what did the Federal Government create the to protect deposits?
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F.D.I.C.
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Which of the following rights is not mentioned in the Constitution?
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the right to privacy
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Who was the Roman Emperor credited with bringing peace to the Roman Empire?
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Augustus
