Psyc 154 – Interpersonal Relationships – Flashcards

Gottman and colleagues describe a common phenomenon in distressed couple in which one person, usually the husband, will "stonewall" and appear to withdraw during the conversation. According to their research, when people stonewall, it is usually because

The __________ pattern of communication has been found to be particularly strong in unhappy relationships.

Steve just gave a speech at a convention that was warmly praised by some and harshly criticized by others. If Steve has low self-esteem, with which of the following people is he most likely to want to talk first?

According to social exchange theory, ________ refers to people's expectations about the rewards and punishments they are likely to receive in a particular relationship.

________ refers to the notion that the more we encounter a stimulus, the more we grow to like it.

According to the authors, the greatest amount of research supports the notion of ________ over the notion of ________

Research from a 37-country by Buss (1989) study indicates that all of the following are true except

Melanie doesn't find it easy to trust other people and says that she "doesn't need anybody." In all likelihood, Melanie's ________ attachment style can be traced to a caregiver who ________

In her investment model of close relationships, what does Caryl Rusbult (1983) define as an investment?

Eagly and Wood's (1999) Social Roles Theory provided an alternative explanation for Buss' (1989) findings that women value financial resources in a long-term mate more than men. Eagly and Woods re-analyzed Buss' data taking into took into account the degree to which women in different countries had access to education, employment, and other resources. When doing this, they found that the more women had access to financial resources, __________.

Recall that Judith Langlois and her colleagues (1990) used computer graphics to generate composite faces that reflected the exact mathematical average the facial features of a large number of individual photographs. They then asked participants to rate the attractiveness of the composite photograph and the individual photographs that were combined to make up the composite. These researchers found that

Gottman's work has been very influential in understanding the interpersonal dynamics of distressed and happy couples. His method of studying couples relies primarily on __________ issues in their relationship.

According to Elaine Hatfield(1988), passionate love is associated with ___, whereas compassionate love is associated with ___.

________ theory posits that relationship satisfaction is determined by people's perceptions of costs and rewards, their beliefs about what kind of relationship they deserve, and their estimated chances of a better alternative relationship.

According the evolutionary psychology, in humans, physical qualities that are thought to be associated with both physical beauty and signals of reproductive fitness are _________ and _________.

According to the tenets of evolutionary theory, reproduction is more costly (in terms of time, energy, and effort) for females than it is for males. Thus, it is advantageous for males to ________ and for females to ________.

The more we see and interact with other people, the more likely they are to become our friends. This statement captures the essence of the ________ effect.

When Theodore Newcomb (1961) randomly assigned male students at the University of Michigan to be roommates at the start of the school year, he found that ________ and ________ were powerful predictors of who became friends.

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Four Horsemen" (signs of poor relationship communication) identified by Gottman?

Brian does not know anything about Sally except that she is very attractive. Based on research by Alice Eagly and her colleagues (1991) and by Alan Feingold (1992), Brian is most likely to make the attribution that Sally is