ECHD Final Exam – Flashcards
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Who perfected the hypodermic syringe?
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Alexander Wood
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Which of the following was the first use of heroin in the US?
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Cough suppressant
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Which of the following is not a clinical use of narcotics?
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Reduction of congestion
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Codeine is a ________?
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Antitussive
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Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning the use of narcotics to treat pain?
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Narcotics normally cause diarrhea
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Which of the following best describes buprenorphine?
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To relieve cravings for narcotic pain relievers.
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Select the incorrect statement concerning oxycontin
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The drug is never abused by high school students
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The synthesis of designer versions of what drug results in the byproduct MPTP?
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Meperidine
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Talwin is the trade name for _______?
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Naloxone
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Clonidine is used to treat which of the following?
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Hypertension/ADD
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Amphetamine and cocaine are classified in which of the following schedules?
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2
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Which of the following best explains/describes how the amphetamines cause their pharmacological effects?
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they cause release of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain
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The term "speed" refers to which of the following?
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illegal, injectable methamphetamine
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Which of the following is least likely to be caused by chronic high doses of amphetamines?
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extreme hunger
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Ecstasy is classified in which of the following schedules?
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1
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Select the incorrect statement concerning ecstasy.
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its most pronounced effects are on the dopamine system
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In Latin American "coca" is traditionally seen as ________.
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A desirable substance and a big cash crop
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Studies have shown that the first cocaine era began in ______ around 2500 BC.
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Peru
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Which of the following is the most frequently used CNS stimulant in the world?
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caffeine (coffee)
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________is a decongestant.
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Pseudoephedrine
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The first European to inhale tobacco smoke was _______
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Rodrig de Jerez, part of Christopher Columbus's explorer crew
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In Europe coffee was initially used for its _______.
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Medicinal Value
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A fatal dose of nicotine for adults is approximately ___________ milligrams
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60
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The Family Smoking Prevention and Control Act _____________
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gives FDA authority to...market and regulate tobacco products
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______ is a lung disease common among smokers.
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emphysema
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Second hand smoke _________.
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Contains at least 250 toxic chemicals
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The League of Spiritual Discovery used ______ as a sacrament.
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LSD
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Substances that initiate psychotic behavior are called _______ drugs
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psychotogenic
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Users of LSD can experience which of the following stages?
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Loss of control, heightened exaggerated senses, ergotism, (All of the above)
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Hallucinogens most likely exert their effects by altering which of the following transmitter systems?
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Serotonin
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LSD can be purchased in which of the following forms?
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tablets capsules blotter paper
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When LSD is taken orally, what percentage of the total dose reaches the brain?
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1%
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Select the incorrect statement concerning the flashback caused by hallucinogens.
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The experience is always unpleasant and terrifying
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The definition of mydriasis is _______.
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Pupil dilation
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Which of the following is most likely to contain psilocybin?
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Dried mushrooms
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Drugs with similar structures are called _______
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analogs
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Hemp refers to _______
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the woody fibers of the stem that can be used to produce cloth or rope
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The Marijuana Tax Act classified marijuana incorrectly as a ________.
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Narcotic
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During WWII marijuana in America was ________.
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Subsidized by the government to make rope
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Having used an illicit substance during the past month is defined as a ________.
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current drug use
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Research indicates that if one's peer group does not use drugs, it is likely that other individuals in the peer group will ________.
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NOT use drugs
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Age, gender, family background, and religion fall under what category of influential factors?
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Structural
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Drugs that often lead to the use of other more serious drugs are known as ______
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gateway drugs
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_________is the botanical or scientific term for the hemp plant that is most readily found in North America
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Cannibis Sativa
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A type of marijuana that literally means "without seeds" is known as ______
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sinsemilla
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_______contains the purest form of resin that can have THC levels as high as 28%.
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Hashish
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The medical use of marijuana depends on the chemical ________ for relief from the symptoms of illness.
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THC
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One of the major costs of marijuana uses is damage to the ________.
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Lungs
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A chemical is classified as being volatile if it is ________.
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Readily Evaporated at Room Temperature
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Select the reason inhalants are most likely abused
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they are readily available
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Which of the following inhalants is used as an anesthetic?
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nitrous oxide
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Which of the following is commonly referred to as laughing gas?
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Nitrous oxide
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Which of the following is not an inhalant?
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morphine
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Which of the following is a refrigerant that can cause freeze injury upon inhalation?
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freon
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Which of the following is not required by the FDA to be included on OTC drug labels?
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Classification of Active Ingredients (ie: Category I, II, III)
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Which of the following is the most commonly used type of OTC medication in the US?
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Pain relievers
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Which of the following OTC analgesics has the fewest anti-inflammatory effects?
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Acetaminophen
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Which of the following drugs are classified as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
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Salicylates
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Which of the following is a side effect of acetaminophen?
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None of the above. (options are: reye's syndrome in children, stomach irritation, interference with blood clotting)
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Common OTC allergy and cold products contain which of the following ingredients?
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Sympathomimetics, Analgesics, and Antihistamines (all of the above)
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Which of the following drugs are commonly used in OTC sleep aids?
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Antihistamines
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Which of the following drugs is a hormone used to cause sleep?
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Melatonin
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Which of the following is the most frequently used OTC medication for gastrointestinal disorders?
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Antacid
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What does the SPF number on OTC sunscreen products indicate?
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"it indicates the amount of protection against UVB rays"
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Which of the following health professionals do not have any prescription writing privileges?
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Chiropractor, pharmacist, psychiatrist
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Which of the following is most likely to be abused?
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Pain killers
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Why are generic drugs usually less expensive than their proprietary counterparts?
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no research
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Antibiotics are most effective in the treatment of infections caused by which of the following microorganisms.
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Bacteria
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Bronchodilators are used for which of the following therapeutic purposes?
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To Relieve Asthma Attacks
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Which of the following drugs are most likely to be used to treat hypertension?
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Diuretics and Vasodilators
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A _______ is defined as a subgroup within a population whose members share similar values and patterns of related behaviors that differ from the larger population.
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Subculture
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Viewing a group and its members as an observer or looking at a group from a distance is the definition for the term __________.
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outsider
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Doping refers to the action of using drugs to ________.
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Enhance Athletic Performance
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________ are male hormones produced in the testes that are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics.
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androgens
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A likely danger from long term use of fixed steroids includes _______.
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Liver diseases such as jaundice and cancerous tumors
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Alcohol usually becomes problematic when it is no longer used occasionally to enhance social events, but used _________ to deal with personal problems.
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daily
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_________ changes represent the belief that biological forces (largely genes) have a direct influence on the root causes of social psychological behavior.
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Sociological
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The key factor influencing drug use among adolescents is ___________.
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Peer Drug Use
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Individuals in what sport reported the highest rate of steroid abuse?
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football
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The greatest reason given for non-medical steroid use by college students is to ________.
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Increase Strength
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An alcoholic adolescent usually has at least one parent that is _________.
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Are excessive in their drug (illegal or legal) consumption
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The best predictor of drug use for the first year of college is __________.
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drug use as a senior in HS
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Which of the following categories has the highest amount of binge drinkers?
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white males
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Children often join gangs because of ________.
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low self-esteem
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The two most popular elicit types of recreational drugs in college are _______.
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Marijuana and Mushrooms
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_______ is known as the date-rape drug.
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Rohypnol
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Which of the following ways can someone not be infected with HIV?
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saliva
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The D.A.R.E. program targets _______ students.
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elementary
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In most cases, it is appropriate for drug prevention to focus on knowledge, attitudes, and _______.
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behavior
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A primary family risk factor(s) that predisposes youths to find drugs attractive is or are __________.
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Chaotic home environment, ineffective parenting, lack of mutual attachments and nurturing, etc.
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Which model of drug prevention stresses that changes in the environment are responsible for changes in peoples' attitudes about drugs?
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Ecological Person Model
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Research indicates that, for most patients, the threshold amount of time needed for significant improvement resulting from a treatment program is greater than ________.
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3 months
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Which of the following approaches involves initiating behavioral change by helping clients resolve ambivalence about engaging treatment?
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Motivational Enhancement Therapy
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When was alcoholics anonymous founded?
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mid 1930's
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___ is a drug to treat alcoholics that makes individuals violently ill if they consume alcohol.
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Disulfiram
