Chapters 1-4 Multiple Choice – Flashcards
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Observing behavior in real world settings and making no effort to manipulate or control the situation is called _______ observation.
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naturalistic
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Dr. Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. Dr B. can be described as a ______ theorist.
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psychoanalytic
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________ is a government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens.
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Social policy
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Dr. Drew is a scientist interested in the effects of music on cognitive development. Which of the following is a sequence he should go through?
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Conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect data, analyze data, draw conclusions.
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Which of the following is the strongest correlation?
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-.77
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Which of the following statements about perception is true?
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Newborns cannot hear soft sounds quite as well as adults can.
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Whenever Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with a ____ reflect where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.
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moro
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By the second birthday, a toddler's brain is about ____% of its adult weight.
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75
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Juan-Carlos was born full term but was underweight for his gestational age. He would be considered:
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small for date
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Which of the following is TRUE of phenylketnuria?
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It results from a recessive gene.
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Angelique has a chromosomal disorder characterized by a missing X chromosome, making her XO instead of XX.
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turner syndrome
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A recent study examined the synchronous relationship between maternal responses and infants. Mothers who received a negative evaluation and displayed negative emotions had infants who:
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displayed similar negative emotions as evidenced by increases in heart rate.
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Caregivers of ____ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting.
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avoidant
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According to developmental psychologists, the best time to soothe an infant is:
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right before the infant gets into an intense, agitated state.
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Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of:
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scaffolding
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One study of 2 and 3 year old children revealed that an increase in the number of child care arrangements the children experienced is linked to:
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increase in behavioral problems.
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_____has been the most consistent predictor of secure attachment.
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Parental sensitivity
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According to the text, the 2 most common methods parents use for managing and guiding infants' undesirable behaviors are diverting attention and:
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reasoning
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During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of _______ occurs.
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Intimacy vs Isolation
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Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget, he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development?
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sensorimotor
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A study of four different cultures found, similarly, that separation protest peaked at about _____
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13-15 months.
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According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?
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from 24 months on.
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Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child who is a favorite at home and school and receives positive instructive responses from adults.. This is an indicative of an _________.
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evocative genotype-environment correlation.
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The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high caloric foods. A trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how:
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evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
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Which of the following substances is a large molecule that would NOT be able to pass through the placental wall?
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hormones
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The results of the study conducted by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in 1991 indicate that:
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the influence of families and parenting is not weakened by extensive use of daycare.
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In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment become focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver?
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phase 2
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The ________ mandated a paid 14-week leave in 1992.
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European Union
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In an experimental study, the ___ group serves as a baseline against which the effects of the manipulated condition can be compared.
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control
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____________ include biological processes such as puberty and menopause. They also include sociocultural, environmental processes such as beginning formal education and retirement.
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Normative age-graded influences
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Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged in appearance. Most of Ethel's relatives don;t live past the age 60. What is Ethel's condition?
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Susceptibility genes
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_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands of the child must cope with.
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Goodness of fit
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Which statement about childcare and socioeconomic status is true?
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Children are more likely to experience poor quality child care if their parents have few resources.
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Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:
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inhibition to the unfamiliar
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Benji starts calling his father "dad", but he also calls all men that he sees "dad". According to Piaget, this error is due to:
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assimilation
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New evidence suggests that in addition to categorizing items on the basis of external perceptual features such as shape, color, and parts, infants may also categorize items:
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prototypes
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Which of the following is TRUE about the effects of cocaine on a pregnant woman?
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reduced length and head circumference.
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The _____ is a layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system and the reproductive system.
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mesoderm
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During the process of ____, the cells nucleus (including chromosomes) duplicates itself and the cell divides, forming 2 cells.
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mitosis
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Erin is 90 years old. She has relatively good health and is fully mobile. Most of Erin's blood relatives lived to a ripe, old age. Which of the following genes might be responsible for this?
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Longevity genes
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The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
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epigenetic
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Which of the following is the Apgar Scale especially good at determining?
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The newborn's ability to respond to stress of delivery
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_____ is an emotion that occurs for the first time in infants at some point in the second half of the first year or during the second year of life
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Pride
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Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.
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other-conscious
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A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.
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attachment
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In Lorenz's view, imprinting needs to take place at a certain, very early time in the life of the animal, or else it will not take place. This period of time is called the:
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critical period
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_____ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age.
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Psychological
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The ability to control certain factors when observing behavior is reflective of
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lab research
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In the first several days of life, most newborns lose _____ percent of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking, swallowing, and digesting.
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5-7
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_____ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved with the comprehension of speech.
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Wernicke's area
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The sensorimotor stage of development lasts from birth until about:
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2 years old
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_____ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas
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concepts
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Tracy's parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they took her to numerous baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n):
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passive genotype-environment correlation.
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_____ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.
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Gene × environment (G × E) interaction
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Nouns are among the easiest words for children to learn because they are:
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generally perceptually accessible.
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According to Zamuner, Fais, and Werker, infants use _____ information to begin to segment the continuous stream of speech they encounter.
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statistical
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he use of fetal fMRI to studying hearing in infants has revealed that response to sounds occurs at:
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34 weeks gestation
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The portion farthest from the spinal cord is known as the:
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forebrain
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Infants start using gestures such as showing and pointing at about
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8-12 months
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Edwin was a neglected child in his infancy. Now, at 31 years of age, he is highly cynical about the world and feels that no one can be relied upon. Whenever he is in a relationship with a woman, he has tremendous feelings of suspicion toward his partner, and these feelings eventually lead to the breakup of the relationship. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, this is a good indication that Edwin did not successfully resolve the _____ stage of development, which in turn is causing him to experience _____ in his current developmental stage.
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trust vs mistrust; isolation
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Dr. Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of _____ in understanding development.
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conscious thought
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Mary is 3 years old and in preschool. Identify the development period that Mary is currently in.
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early childhood
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Two concepts that help provide a framework for describing and understanding an individual's development are
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developmental processes and periods
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The _____ involves relations between microsystems or connections between contexts
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mesosystem
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In their longitudinal investigation, Chess and Thomas found that _____ percent of the children they studied could be classified as difficult
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10
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Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose. Michael will MOST likely:
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crawl away from the mirror, because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror.
