Unit 1 Matter Study Guide – Flashcards
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Define matter and list the states of matter. Give an example of each.
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). - Solid- ice cube - Liquid- water - Gas- steam
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What is an atom? Name the sub-atomic parts of an atom and describe where they are located within the atom.
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An atom is the smallest particle of an element; the building blocks of all matter. The sub-atomic parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons- positive (+) charged particles in an atom, located in the nucleus Neutrons- uncharged particles in an atom, located in the nucleus Electrons- negative (-) charged particles in an atom, located in the energy rings
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What is a physical change? Give at least 3 examples of physical changes.
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Observed or measured without changing the substance. No new substance is formed. - Tearing fabric - Folding clothes - Cutting paper
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What is a chemical change? Give at least 3 examples of a chemical change.
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Changing the substance into something else. A new substance is formed. - A nail rusting - Wood burning - Baking a cake
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What are elements?
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Elements consist of only one kind of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
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What is vaporization? What is condensation?
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Vaporization is a liquid becoming a gas. Condensation is when matter goes from a gas to a liquid.
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In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of _________ and is the same as the ______ ______.
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In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons and is the same as the atomic number.
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Describe the difference between the particles in a solid, liquid, and gas. Explain in detail.
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The particles of a solid are tightly packed in a regular pattern. They vibrate, but do not move from place to place. A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles of a liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. They vibrate and slide past each other. A liquid has a definite volume but doesn't have a definite shape. The particles of a gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. They move about rapidly. A gas doesn't have a definite shape nor a definite volume.
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The mass of an element can be found by adding what two numbers?
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To find the mass of an atom, add the atomic number and the number of neutrons.
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The atomic number of an element an be found by looking at the number of _____ and _____.
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The atomic number of an element can be found by looking at the number of protons and electrons.
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How do you find the number of neutrons an atom has in its nucleus?
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You subtract the mass number minus the atomic number.
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Define mixture and compound. Give an example of each.
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Mixture is a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined. An example is a salad. Compound is a substance formed when 2 or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together. An example is water (hydrogen and oxygen).
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Explain solubility. Give 2 examples of a substance that is soluble and 2 examples of a substance that is not soluble.
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Solubility is the property of a substance to dissolve. Salt in water and sugar in sweet tea are examples of soluble substances. Oil in water and sand in water are examples of insoluble substances.
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Define mass and volume. Compare them.
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Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured using a Triple Beam Balance. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Volume is measured using a Graduated Cylinder. They're similar because in every object there is both mass and volume. They're different because mass is the amount of matter and volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
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Describe freezing and boiling points.
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Freezing point is the temperature in which a liquid becomes a solid. Example: Water's freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius. Boiling point is the temperature in which a liquid becomes a gas. Example: Water's boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius. **** Melting point is the temperature in which a solid becomes a liquid. **** Key Word... Point = Temperature
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If the mass of a substance changes, does it affect points of state?
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No, it doesn't affect the freezing point, melting point, or boiling point.
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How do chemical bonds affect the atoms of a molecule?
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Chemical bonds are the attraction between atoms.
