Forensic Science Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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autopsy
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an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease
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buccal swab
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a swab of the inner portion of the cheek; cheek cells are usually collected to determine the dna profile of an individual
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chain of custody
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A list that records every official person who handles a piece of evidence. Those in the chain put their initials and the date on the evidence container.
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coroner
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a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes
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forensic entomology
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the study of insects involved in the decay process
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forensic science
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the study and application of science to matters of law
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latent
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hidden, present but not realized
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Miranda rights
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Rights possessed by persons who are arrested by the police. (Remain silent, Attorney, etc.)
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physical evidence
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Any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator.
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latent print
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fingerprint made by the deposit of perspiration or body oils; invisible to the naked eye until developed
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loop
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part of a fingerprint that enters and exits the same way
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plastic print
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A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface.
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primary classification
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A method for grouping fingerprints that is the first step of classifying them under the FBI system.
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radial
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pertaining to the elbow; thumb side
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ulnar
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Pertaining to the elbow; pinky side
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visible print
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A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface.
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whorl
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part of the fingerprint that involves loops
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area of convergence
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where blood paths meet
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cast-off
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at acute angles, a wave ____ forms on the side opposite from angle of impact
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passive drop
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bloodstain drops created by the force of gravity acting alone
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projected drop
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this happens when the source of blood is acted upon by a force greater than gravity.
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satellite
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blood forced into upward protrusions create this.
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surface tension
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the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid
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terminal velocity
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the constant maximum velocity reached by a body falling through the atmosphere under the attraction of gravity
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casting
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the act of creating something by casting it in a mold
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electrostatic lifting
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this uses a sheet of Mylar film to lift markings or fingerprints
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forensic odontology
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field of forensics involving teeth (identification, weapon)
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toolmark
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when tools come in contact with an object, they may leave these.
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accelerant
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Fuel used to make a deliberately set fire burn more vigorously
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arson
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intentional burning of another's building or property or of one's own building or property for a malicious or illegal purpose
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combustion
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a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
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conduction
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the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching
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convection
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the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
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explosion
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the act of exploding or bursting something
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modus operandi
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(Latin) method of operating
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oxidation
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the chemical reaction of fire
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pyrolysis
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transformation of a substance produced by the action of heat
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radiation
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the act of spreading outward from a central source
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spontaneous combustion
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ignition of a substance (as oily rags) resulting from an internal oxidation process
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Bertillon system
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a system or procedure for identifying persons
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forensic anthropology
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Primarily concerned with the identification and examination of human skeletal remains, which can be used to reveal the sex, approximate age, race, and the presence of skeletal injury of a subject.
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larva
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insect in its earliest stage after hatching
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oviposition
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the egg laying process
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pupa
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an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult
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skeletalize
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when a body is stripped of tissue- time period of two weeks and complete at 8 months
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agglutination
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a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)
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antibody
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a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
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antigen
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any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates the production of antibodies
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dna
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deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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erythrocyte
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a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues
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leukocyte
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blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi
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nucleotide
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monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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plasma
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colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
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Rh factor
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the presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
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serology
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study of the serum components of blood, especially antigens and antibodies
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serum
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liquid portion of the blood left after the clotting process
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absorption
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the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
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asphyxiation
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killing by depriving of oxygen
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BAC
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Blood Alcohol Conentrate, the % of alchol in you blood
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color test
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expose an unknown drug to a chemical or mixture of chemicals. What color the test substance turns can help determine the type of drug that's present
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distribution
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the act of distributing or spreading or apportioning
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drug
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a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
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dysphoria
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sense of great unhappiness or dissatisfaction
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elimination
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the act of removing or getting rid of something
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field sobriety tests
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A battery of manual procedures administered and evaluated in a standardized manner to obtain validated indicators of impairment and establish probable cause for arrest.
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heavy metal poisoning
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a poisoning that can kill you. may cause burning of skin, numbness, weakness, hairloss, and repeated vomitting
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legal intoxication level
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.08
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mass spectometry
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causes drugs to decompose into smaller fragments that are separated according to their different masses and identifies their chemical structures
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toxicology
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study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
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binder
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something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface
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cortex
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Ground tissue that is between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem.
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crystal
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a rock formed by the solidification of a substance
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cuticle
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the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
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medulla
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the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
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product rule
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The probability of independent events occurring together is the product of the probabilities of the events occurring separately.
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shaft
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part of hair that includes the cortex, root, and cuticle
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soil
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material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use)
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striation
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any of a number of tiny parallel grooves such as: the scratches left by a glacier on rocks or the streaks or ridges in muscle tissue
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trace element
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invisible markers present in concentrations less than 1%
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caliber
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diameter of a tube or gun barrel
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concentric fracture
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a crack in a glass that forms a rough circle around the point of impact
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gauge
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determine the capacity, volume, or contents of by measurement and calculation
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glass
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a small refracting telescope
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groove
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a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)
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land
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raised portions in the caliber of the gun
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radial fracture
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A crack in a glass that extends outward like the spoke of a wheel from the point at which the glass was struck
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rifling
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the cutting of spiral grooves on the inside of the barrel of a firearm
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shadowgraph
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a photographic image produced on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light (especially by X-rays or gamma rays)
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abrade
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strike against an object
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exemplar
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something to be imitated
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indented
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set in from a margin
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ink
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a liquid used for printing or writing or drawing
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obliteration
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destruction by annihilating something
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questioned document
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Any signature, handwriting, typewriting, or other written mark whose source or authenticity is in dispute or uncertain
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style
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a way of expressing something (in language or art or music etc.) that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period
