AP Psychology Chapter 2 Neuroscience & Behavior – Flashcards
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controls speech production
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Broca's area
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specializes in rationalizing reactions
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left hemisphere
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translates writing into speech
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angular gryrus
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specializes in spatial relations
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right hemisphere
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brains cells that provide nutrients and insulating myelin
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glial cells
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language disorder
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aphasia
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oldest part of the brain
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brainstem
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regulates emotion
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limbic system
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the brain's capacity for modification
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plasticity
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responsible for language comprehension
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Wernicke's area
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brain areas involved in higher mental function
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association areas
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amplified recording of brain waves
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EEG
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technique that uses radio waves and magnetic fields to image the brain
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MRI
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serves as sensory switchboard
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thalamus
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contains reward centers
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hypothalamus
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tissue destruction
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lesion
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a technique that uses x-rays to image the brain
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CT Scan
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helps control arousal
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reticular information
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links the cerebral hemispheres
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corpus callosum
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influences rage and fear
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amygdala
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regulates breathing and heartbeat
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medulla
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enables coordinated movement
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cerebellum
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researchers who study links between biology and behavior are called
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biological psychologists
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our body's neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, or
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neurons
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the extensions of a neuron that transmit information to other neurons are the
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axons
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some of the extensions are insulated by a layer of fatty cells called the
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myelin sheath
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neural impulse
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action potential
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the junction between the two neurons is called the
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synapse
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the chemical messengers that convey information across the gaps between neurons are called
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neurotransmitters
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excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron in a process called
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reuptake
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influences movement, learning, attentions, and emotion
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dopamine
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affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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serotonin
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naturally occurring opiate like neurotransmitters that are present in the brain are called
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endorphins
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drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters are called
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agonists
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drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites are called
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antagonists
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the neurons of the body form the
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nervous system
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the brain and the spinal cord comprise the
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central nervous system
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the neurons that link the brain and spinal cord to the body's sense receptors, muscles, and glands form the
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peripheral nervous system
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sensory and motor axons are bundled into electrical cables called
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nerves
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information arriving in the central nervous system from the body travels in
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sensory neurons
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the neurons that enable internal communication within the central nervous system are called
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interneurons
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the central nervous system sends instructions to the body's tissues by means of
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motor neurons
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that transmits sensory input to the central nervous system and directs the movements to the skeletal muscles is the
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somatic nervous system
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involuntary, self-regulating responses-those of the glands and muscles of internal organs- are controlled by the
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autonomic nervous system
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the body is made ready for action by the
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sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
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division of the autonomic nervous system that produces relaxation
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parasympathetic
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to preform complex computations, neurons in the brain cluster into work groups called
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neural networks
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the most complex functions of human behavior are linked to the most developed part of the brain the
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cerebral cortex
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four lobes of the brain
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front, parietal, occipital, and temporal
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involved in speaking and muscle movements, recognizing faces, making judgments, and carrying out plans and personality.
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front lobes
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includes sensory cortex
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parietal lobes
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visual information is received
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occipital lobes
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auditory information is received
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temporal lobes
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the left hemisphere is known as the
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dominant hemisphere
