Exploring Creation with Biology Module 8 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Three pea plants have the following alleles for yellow (Y) and green (y) peas: a.YY b.Yy c.yy What is the genotype and phenotype of each? (Note whether they are homozygous or heterozygous)
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a-homozygous, YY, yellow, b-heterozygous, Yy, yellow, c-homozygous, yy, green
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What process causes gametes to have only one allele, since other human cells have two of each allele?
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meiosis
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A pea plant which is homozygous in the dominant, axial flower allele (A) is crossed with a pea plant that is heterozygous in that allele. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes along with their percentage chances for the offspring?
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AA=50%, Aa=50% 100% of offspring will have axial flower phenotype.
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A woman is heterozygous in the ability to roll her tongue when extended. If she marries a man who cannot roll his tongue, what percentage of their children will be able to roll their tongues? (the allele for being able to roll your tongue is dominant)
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50% of their children will be able to roll their tounges.
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See Study guide number 6.
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the genotype is B.
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See study guide number 7
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No wings (N) is the dominant allele, 1, 2, 3, and 4 have Nn genotype.
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Give the possible phenotypes and the percentage chance for each in the dihypbrid cross between a pea plant that is heterozygous in producing smooth yellow peas and a pea plant that produces wrinkled, green peas. (Smooth and Yellow are dominant)
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100% of offspring have SsYy genotype, and smooth, yellow phenotype.
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Give the possible phenotypes and the percentage chance for each in the dihybrid cross between a pea plant that is heterozygous in producing smooth yellow peas and another with the same genotype.
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Smooth, yellow peas=9/16 smooth green peas=3/16, wrinkled, yellow peas=3/16, wrinkled, green peas=1/16%
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In fruit flies, the color of the eye is a genetic trait that is sex-linked. What is the percentage of males that will have white eyes when a heterozygous, red eyed female is crossed with a white-eyed male? What is the percentage of females that will have white eyes from the same cross?
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50% of females will be white eyed, and 50% of the males will be white eyed.
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In the case of fruit fly eye color, what must the genotype of a male fly if, when crossed with a henterozygous femaile, there is no possibility of having a femaile with white eyes?
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(R) X Y
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If a gamete has two alleles for the same genetic trait, what type of genetic disorder will result in a zygote formed with this gamete?
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A change in chromosome number.
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A person carries a genetic disorder but doesn't have the disorder. How is this possible?
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the genetic disorder must be recessive.
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Two individuals have exactly the same genotype for a certain trait, but they are not identical when it comes to that trait. How is this possible?
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While the genetics are the same, the enviromental and spiritual factors were probable different.
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Do sex-linked genetic disorders affect men and women the same? If not which sex is affected more and why?
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Sex-linked disorders affect men more often than woman because men have only one allele in sex-linked traits.
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A woman with type O blood marries a man with type AB blood. What blood types are possible for their children? What is the percentage chance for each blood type?
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A=50%, B=50%
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If a person has type B- blood, what are the possible genotypes for that person? Include possible genotypes related both to the type of blood as well as the Rh-factor.
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BB or BO, pp
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What term do we use to refer to genetic traits that are governed by more than more set of genes?
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polygenetic inheritance
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True Breeding
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If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic.
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Allele
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One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes.
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Recessive Allele
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An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele.
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Monohybrid Cross
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A cross between two individuals, concentraiting on only one definable trait.
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Dihybrid Cross
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A cross between two individuals, concentraiting on two definable traits.
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Autosomal Inheritance
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Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome.
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A two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait.
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Genotype
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The observable expression of an organisms alleles
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Phenotype
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A genotype in which both alleles are identical
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homozygous genotype
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A genotype with two different alleles
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heterozygous genotype
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An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
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dominant allele
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Mendel's Principle of genetics
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1. The traits of an organism are determined by its genes. 2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given gene. 3. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its alleles to the offspring. 4. In each genotype, there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele.
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A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations.
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Pedigree
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Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
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Autosomes
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Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
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Sex chromosomes
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A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody.
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Antigen
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A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder.
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Genetic disease carrier
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Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes.
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Sex-linked inheritance
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A radical chemical change in one or more alleles.
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Mutation
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A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meosis.
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Change in chromosome structure
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A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete.
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Change in chromosome number
