Cervical Cancer – Flashcards
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When do most diagnoses of cervical cancer occur?
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early 30s
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Risk Factors
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1. early age of first intercourse 2. high number of sexual partners 3. smoking 4. low SES 5. high-risk male partner 6. STDs (HPV)
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What percentage of the US population is estimated to be infected with HPV?
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up to 50%
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Which strains of HPV typically cause cervical cancer?
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11, 16, 18, 31, 45
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What percentage of women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer haven't had a pap smear in the last 5 years?
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60-80%
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When should the first pap smear occur?
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at age 21 or three years after first sexual encounter (whichever comes first)
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low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)
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CIN 1 mild dysplasia usually caused by HPV
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high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)
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CIN 2 or 3 moderate to severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ can sometimes lead to cervical cancer but does not mean cancer is present
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cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
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classification system for cervical neoplasms potentially premalignant transformation and dysplasia of surface of cervix not cancer usually curable
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Treatment options for neoplasia:
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1. cryocatery 2. electrocautery 3. laser cautery 4. loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP) 5. cervical conization
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What is the lifetime recurrence rate for cervical cancer?
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20%
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Symptoms of invasion:
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1. post-coital bleeding 2. foul vaginal discharge 3. abnormal bleeding 4. pelvic pain 5. unilateral leg swelling or pain 6. pelvic mass 7. gross cervical lesion
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Treatment for advanced disease:
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1. radical hysterectomy 2. Cisplatin-based chemo 3. radiation 4. palliative chemo
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What strains are targeted by the HPV vaccine?
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16 and 18 (70% of cases of cervical cancer) and 6 and 11 (90% of genital warts)
