Question 1

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in securing employment. The professor\'s prediction regarding employment success exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

a hypothesis.

Question 2

Theories are defined as:

Accepted Answer

principles that help to organize, predict, and explain facts.

Question 3

You decide to test your belief that men drink more soft drinks than women by finding out whether more soft drinks are consumed per day in the men\'s dorm than in the women\'s dorm. Your belief is a(n) ________, and your research prediction is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

theory; hypothesis

Question 4

In order to understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist has carefully investigated the client\'s current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist employed?

Accepted Answer

the case study

Question 5

The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it:

Accepted Answer

may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.

Question 6

People often fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced by ________ cases.

Accepted Answer

vivid

Question 7

The sight of large, enthusiastic crowds at all of his political rallies led Governor Donovan to become overconfident about his chances of winning the upcoming election. In this instance, the governor needs to be alerted to the value of:

Accepted Answer

random sampling.

Question 8

Surveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are:

Accepted Answer

negatively correlated.

Question 9

A researcher was interested in determining whether her students\' test performance could be predicted from their proximity to the front of the classroom. So she matched her students\' scores on a math test with their seating position. This study is an example of:

Accepted Answer

correlational research.

Question 10

Surveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are:

Accepted Answer

negatively correlated.

Question 11

If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of elementary school students is +0.85, this would indicate that:

Accepted Answer

better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among elementary school students.

Question 12

Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing?

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation

Question 13

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as:

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation.

Question 14

John Watson is to Wilhelm Wundt as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

observable behavior; inner sensations

Question 15

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between:

Accepted Answer

thought processes and brain functions.

Question 16

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people\'s inner sensations and mental images.

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 17

Psychology is defined as the \"scientific study of behavior and mental processes.\" Wilhelm Wundt would have omitted which of the following words from this definition?

Accepted Answer

behavior and

Question 18

Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 19

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Accepted Answer

neuroscience

Question 20

Alicia insists that Dr. Phillip\'s theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of:

Accepted Answer

skepticism.

Question 21

Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?

Accepted Answer

replication

Question 22

A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n):

Accepted Answer

operational definition.

Question 23

Every twenty-fifth person who ordered a subscription to a weekly news magazine was contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding the magazine\'s contents. The researchers were most clearly employing a technique known as:

Accepted Answer

random sampling.

Question 24

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin\'s conclusion best illustrates the danger of:

Accepted Answer

generalizing from vivid cases.

Question 25

In which type of research is a representative random sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or attitudes?

Accepted Answer

the survey

Question 26

If psychologists discovered that intelligent parents have smarter children than unintelligent parents, this would demonstrate that:

Accepted Answer

the intelligence of parents and children is positively correlated.

Question 27

If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are:

Accepted Answer

negatively correlated.

Question 28

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.60 would indicate that:

Accepted Answer

less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness.

Question 29

Professor Ober carefully monitors and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in:

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation.

Question 30

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between:

Accepted Answer

intelligence and academic success.

Question 31

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, \"Psychology is the science of mental life\"?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 32

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of:

Accepted Answer

behavior and mental processes.

Question 33

Complementary accounts of the same behavior that can supplement one another represent different:

Accepted Answer

levels of analysis.

Question 34

An integrated understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:

Accepted Answer

a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 35

Two basic characteristics of the scientific attitude are:

Accepted Answer

skepticism and humility.

Question 36

Psychological theories:

Accepted Answer

do all of the alternatives.

Question 37

A hypothesis is a(n):

Accepted Answer

testable prediction that gives direction to research.

Question 38

Which of the following scientific procedures is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations?

Accepted Answer

random sampling

Question 39

In order to assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar\'s alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana employed the technique of:

Accepted Answer

random sampling.

Question 40

Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support \"welfare\" than \"aid to the needy.\" These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of:

Accepted Answer

wording effects.

Question 41

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of:

Accepted Answer

prediction.

Question 42

Compared with Wilhelm Wundt, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of:

Accepted Answer

thinking.

Question 43

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, \"Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed\"?

Accepted Answer

John B. Watson

Question 44

Today, psychology is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 45

When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are applying:

Accepted Answer

critical thinking.

Question 46

Professor Saxton was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these findings?

Accepted Answer

replication

Question 47

Which of the following is true, according to the text?

Accepted Answer

No psychological theory can be considered a good one until it produces testable predictions.

Question 48

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey\'s prediction regarding anger management exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

a hypothesis.

Question 49

Your roommate is conducting a survey to learn how many hours the typical college student studies each day. She plans to pass out her questionnaire to the members of her sorority. You point out that her findings will be flawed because:

Accepted Answer

the sample will probably not be representative of the population of interest.

Question 50

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that:

Accepted Answer

the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.

Question 51

A negative correlation between people\'s physical health and their marital happiness would indicate that:

Accepted Answer

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

Question 52

Which type of research would allow you to determine whether students\' college grades accurately predict later income?

Accepted Answer

correlation

Question 53

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

James

Question 54

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people\'s:

Accepted Answer

potential for healthy growth.

Question 55

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 56

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

different levels of analysis in exploring behavior and mental processes.

Question 57

Assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

critical thinking.

Question 58

In order to focus on inner sensations, images, and feelings, Wilhelm Wundt used a research tool known as:

Accepted Answer

introspection.

Question 59

Wilhelm Wundt\'s laboratory work involved experimental studies of:

Accepted Answer

reactions to sensory stimulation.

Question 60

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the linkages between hormone levels and sexual motivation?

Accepted Answer

neuroscience

Question 61

Correlation refers to the extent to which two variables:

Accepted Answer

vary together.

Question 62

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

Accepted Answer

neuroscience

Question 63

The self-examination of one\'s own emotional and mental processes is called:

Accepted Answer

introspection

Question 64

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between:

Accepted Answer

causes and effects.

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