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In music, the early twentieth century was a time of

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revolt and change

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The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of

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Igor Stravinsky Rite of Spring

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Composers worked in the early years of the twentieth century

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except Igor Stravinsky

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Composers in the twentieth century drew inspiration from

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folk and pop music of all cultures

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Twentieth-century composers incorporated elements of folk and popular music within their personal styles because

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they were attracted to unconventional rhythms, sounds, and melodic patterns.

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A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was

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Bela Bartok

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alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers?

answer

atonality

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The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as

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a polychord

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A fourth chord is

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a chord in which the tones are a fourth apart

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A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as

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a tone cluster

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to create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composers used

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non western scales, their scales, ancient church modes

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The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called

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expanded tonality

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The absence of key or tonality in a musical composition is known as

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atonality

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The first significant atonal pieces were composed around 1908 by

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Claude debussy

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The use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time is known as

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poly rhythm

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Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the

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1920's

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One of the most important teachers of musical composition in the twentieth century was

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Nadia Boulinger

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Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in

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france

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The most important impressionist composer was

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Claude debussy

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The term impressionist derived from a critic's derogatory reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by

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Claude monet

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Debussy's music tends to

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sound free and almost improvisational

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Impressionism in music is characterized by

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stress of tone color, atmosphere and fluidity

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A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ________ scale.

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whole-tone

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The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years

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1920-1950

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Neoclassical composers favored

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tonality

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Neoclassical compositions are characterized by

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not misty atmosphere

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Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of

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JS Bach

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Neoclassicism was a reaction against

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Romanticism and impressionism

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Igor Stravinsky studied composition with

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Rimsky

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Stravinsky's life took a sudden turn in 1909, when he met the director of the Russian Ballet,

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Sergei Diaghilev

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The immense success of Stravinsky's 1910 ballet ________ established him as a leading young composer.

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the firebird

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The famous riot in 1913 was caused by the first performance of Stravinsky's ballet

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the rite of spring

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Stravinsky's enormous influence on twentieth-century music is due to his innovations in

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rhythm, harmony, tone color

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Which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky's Russian period?

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pulcinella

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In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, drawing inspiration from

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the 12 tone system

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The expressionist movement in music and art flourished in the years

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1905-1925

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Expressionism is an art concerned with

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social protest

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Expressionist composers

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avoided tonality and traditional chord progressions

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Schoenberg's teacher was

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himself

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Schoenberg acquired his profound knowledge of music by

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going to concerts, playing chamber groups, studying scores

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Alban Berg and Anton Webern were Arnold Schoenberg's

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students

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When Schoenberg arrived in the United States after the Nazis seized power in Germany, he obtained a teaching position at

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UCLA

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Schoenberg's third period, in which he developed the twelve-tone system, began around

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1921

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An eerily expressive kind of declamation midway between song and speech, introduced during the expressionist period, is

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spreechistime

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The ordering of the twelve chromatic tones in a twelve-tone composition is called a

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series, tone, row, set

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Which of the following terms is not used to describe the chromatic tones in twelve-tone composition?special ordering of the twelve

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polychord

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Anton Webern

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was a composer

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Webern's melodic lines are

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atomized into 2 or 3 note fragments

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Webern's Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for

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a chamber orchestra of 18 soloist

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From 1907 to 1934 Béla Bartók taught __________ at his alma mater, and gave recitals throughout Europe.

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piano

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The melodies Béla Bartók used in most of his works are

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original themes with folk flavor

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Who was the leading American composer and conductor of band music?

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Leonard Bernstein

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Charles Ives's father was a(n)

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insurance salesman

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After graduating from Yale, Charles Ives

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went into the insurance business

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During most of his lifetime, Charles Ives's musical compositions

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accumulated in his barn

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George Gershwin grew up in

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Antavka Russia

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Gershwin left high school at the age of fifteen to

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become a pianist demonstrating new songs in a publishers salesroom

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George Gershwin usually collaborated with the lyricist

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Ira Gershwin

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Porgy and Bess is a(n)

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opera

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William Grant Still

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Troubled Island / in NY

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Each movement of William Grant Still's Afro-American Symphony is prefaced by lines from a poem by

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PLD

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Aaron Copland was born in

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Brooklyn

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In 1921 Copland went to France, where he was the first American to study composition with

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Nadia Boulinger

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In 1925, after Copland returned from France, American music meant

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Jazz

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In 1925, and for a few years afterward, Copland's music showed the influence of

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Jazz

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Appalachian Spring originated as a

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ballet score for the great modern dance and choreographer Martha Graham

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Alberto Ginastera, one of the most prominent Latin-American composers of the 20th century, was born in

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Argentina

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One of Ginastera's early works, Estancia Suite, is

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Nationalistic

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In 1945 Ginastera moved to the United States where he had the opportunity to study with the well known American composer

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Aaron Copeland

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Since World War II, musical styles have

answer

taken many new directions

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All of the following are major developments in music since 1950 except the

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continued composition of symphonies in the classical style

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Composers began to shift from tonality to the twelve-tone system because

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discovered it was compostional

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The twelve-tone composer whose style was most imitated in the 1950s and 1960s was

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anton webern

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Serialism is a compositional technique in which

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stuff serves a unifying idea

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Twelve-tone compositional techniques used to organize rhythm, dynamics, tone color, and other dimensions of music to produce totally controlled and organized music are called

answer

serialism

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In chance, or aleatory music, the composer

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choose pitches, tone color, rhythm, and random methods

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Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n)

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grand piano whose sound is altered by objects

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Edgard Varèse's Poème électronique

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was also designed for 1958 Brussels world fair, earliest masterpiece composed in collab with Le Corbusier

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Ragtime flourished in the United States

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1890-1915

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The most famous blues singer of the 1920s, known as the "empress of the blues", was

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Bessie Smith

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New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States

answer

1900-1917

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The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was

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Bebop

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Duke Ellington was an important figure in

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bebop

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Duke Ellington's compositions are outstanding because they

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have rich tone colors, harmony, distinctive sounds of individual musicians

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Bebop differed from earlier jazz forms in that it

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used written arrangements with little improviation

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A typical bebop group might include

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saxophone, trumpet, piano, bass, precussion

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One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and a towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist

answer

Charlie Parker

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A bebop performance generally began and ended with

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statement of main theme

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Cool jazz

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related to bop but more relaxed

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A golden era of American musical theater was created from about

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1920-1960

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Leonard Bernstein was a well-known

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ballet composer/musicals

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In addition to his famous musicals, Leonard Bernstein also wrote successful

answer

ballet, choral, symphonies

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The musical loosely based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is

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west side story

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Rock has been defined as

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vocal music with hard driving beat, electric guitar, amplified sound

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Early rock grew mainly out of __________, a dance music of African Americans that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles.

answer

rhythm and blues

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A folklike, guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans is known as

answer

country and western

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The Beatles's influence on American rock music may be seen through later performers' use of

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classical non western instruments, unconventional scales, and chord progressions

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Nonwestern music is most often transmitted

answer

orally

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Singers in the Middle East and North Africa cultivate a vocal timbre that

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has a nasal, intense, and strained tone

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The most important way of making music in most nonwestern cultures is by

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the voice

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Musical instruments whose sound generator is a column of air are classified as

answer

aerophones

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Musical instruments whose own material is the sound generator are classified as

answer

idiophones

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Nonwestern musical scales often contain ________ tones.

answer

5,6,7 tones

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