thermochemistry and nuclear chemistry exam – Flashcards
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which of the following best describes temperature
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a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
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2
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not on test
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the greater the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
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the higher the temperature is
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4
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not on test
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what units are used to measure energy as heat
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joules or kilojoules
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the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures is called
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heat
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which of the following best describes energy in the form of heat
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the energy transferred between samples of matter because of a difference in their temperatures
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what is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 degrees C or 1 K
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specific heat
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which expression defines specific heat
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energy as heat divided by mass x temperature change
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if a piece of aluminum is heated from 30 degrees C to 50 degrees C, what is the value of change in T
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20 K
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the q in thermodynamic equations is
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energy lost of gained
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A 4 g sample of iron was heated from 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C. It is absorbed 35.2 J of energy as heat. What is the specific heat of this piece of iron
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0.44j
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how much energy does a copper sample absorb as energy in the form of heat if its specific heat is 0.384 J, its mass is 8.00 g, and it is heated from 10 degrees C to 40 degrees C
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92.2 J(g degrees C)
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how much energy is absorbed as heat by 20 g of gold when it is heated from 25 degrees C to 35 degrees C? the specific heat of gold is 0.13 J g/ degrees C
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26 J
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the greek letter (triangle) stands for
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change in
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16
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not on test
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as ice melts, the water molecules
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go from a well-ordered phase to a less-ordered phase
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in nuclear chemistry, an atom is referred to as a(n)
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nuclide
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which of the following is the correct relationship between mass and energy
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E=mc^2
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reactions that affect the nucleus of an atom are called
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nuclear reactions
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the process that changes the identity and number of protons in a nucleus is
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all of the above
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the energy released in a nuclear reaction comes from
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the binding energy of the nucleus
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the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter and more stable nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both is
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radioactive decay
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which describes particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay
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nuclear radiation
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during radioactive decay, the nucleus disintegrates into
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a lighter and more stable nucleus
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which of the following processes always decreases the number of protons by an even number
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alpha decay
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which of the following forms of radiation has the greatest penetrating power
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gamma rays
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which of the following lists ranks nuclear radiation from the most massive to least massive
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alpha, beta and gamma
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which of the following radioactive decay processes does not reduce the atomic number of nuclide
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beta decay
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which of the following particles has the same mass as an electron but a positive charge is sometimes emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay
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positron
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alpha particles are
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helium nuclei
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beta particles are
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electrons
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gamma rays are
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electromagnetic waves
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which of the following is the symbol for an alpha partical
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4He 2
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which of the following is the nuclear symbol for a beta particle
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0e -1
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the half-life of an isotope is the time required for half the nuclei in a sample to
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undergo radioactive decay
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artificial radioactive nuclides are produced by
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bombarding stable nuclei with particles
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some artificial radioactive isotopes can be prepared by bombarding stable nuclei with
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all of the above
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which of the following generally have the lowest penetrating ability
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alpha particles
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which of the following has the greatest penetrating ability
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gamma rays
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radioactive nuclides cause molecules in air to
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ionize
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which of the following instruments detect radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas atoms ionized by radiation
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Geiger-Muller counters
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how do radioactive nuclides affect photographic film wrapped in lightproof paper
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they expose the film
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all radioactive nuclides undergo
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radioactive decay
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to use radioactive dating for a substance, you must know the substance's
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half-life
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which of the following processes produces nuclei of lower mass than the reactants
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fission
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which of the illustrations below represents a fission reaction
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235U 9 n 141Ba 36
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what device uses controlled nuclear fission to produce new radioactive substances and energy
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nuclear reactor
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the energy as heat produced by a reactor is used to
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boil water for steam turbines
