Ch. 4 & 5: Alcohol and Sedative-Hypnotics neurochem – Flashcards
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Alcoholics are likely to experience which of the following problems with their memory?
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retrospective memory (past events) prospective memory (day to day) Page 5.21
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Alcohol interacts with more types of receptors, neurotransmitters, and genes than do marijuana and cocaine.
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True
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A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.
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True
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Chronic heavy drinking can contribute to which of the following diseases?
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#1. cancer of the stomach and esophagus #2. malnutrition #3. hypertension (high blood pressure) #4. cardiac arrhythmias (abnormal irregular heart rhythms) Pages 5.21
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Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?
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environmental Pages 5.24
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High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.
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decreasing | decreased Pages 5.15
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In the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?
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25-30% Page 5.2
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Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.
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True page 5.26
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On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol (the equivalent of about 1.5 standard drinks) in what time frame?
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three hours Page 5.16
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The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger.
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deepen Page 5.13
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The effects of long-term alcohol abuse on physical health, neurochemistry, and cellular function are fewer and less harsh than for most other psychoactive drugs.
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False
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The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)? Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting
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moderate alcohol withdrawal hangover Page 5.26
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When large amounts of alcohol are consumed more rapidly than the body can process and metabolize it, which of the following may occur?
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#1. alcohol poisoning #2. unconsciousness #3. respiratory and cardiac failure #4. coma and death Pages 5.15, 5.16
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When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.
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True
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Which of the following drinking patterns increase the risk of becoming an alcoholic for a person under age 65?
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#1. More than 4 drinks per day for men #2. More than 3 drinks per day for women #3. 14 or more drinks per week for men #4. 7 or more drinks per week for women
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Benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics generally have a higher margin of overdose safety than other drugs in this depressant category.
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True Page 4.37
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Drug tolerance to benzodiazepines develops in part due to the increased efficiency of the liver in processing (metabolizing) a drug that is used regularly.
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True Page 4.39
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Most sedative-hypnotics are from natural sources.
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False All modern prescriptions sedative-hypnotics are synthetic. Pages 4.2, 4.34
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Sedatives are medications used to induce sleep.
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False Sedatives are calming drugs. Page 4.33
