Biochemistry Quiz – Flashcards
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What are the four types of organic macromolecules?
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carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
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What is the official name for carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids?
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biochemical organic macromolecules
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What are the three elements that make up carbohydrates?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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What is the general term for a carbohydrate?
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monosaccharide
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What are three examples of simple carbohydrates?
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glucose, galactose, fructose
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What are the shapes of glucose, fructose, and galactose?
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hexagon, pentagon, hexagon
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What is the formula for carbohydrates?
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C₆H₁₂O₆
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What is a complex structure?
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polymer
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What is the simplest unit of a polymer?
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monomer
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What types of carbohydrates are bad for you?
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monosaccharides, disaccharides
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What types of carbohydrates are good for you?
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polysaccharides
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What is an example of a monosaccharide?
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glucose
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What is an example of a disaccharide?
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sucrose
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What is an example of a polysaccharide?
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amylose starch
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Which carbohydrate contains 2 monomers?
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disaccharide
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What is the formula for a disaccharide?
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C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
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Which carbohydrate contains 3 or more monomers?
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polysaccharide
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How do you find the formula for a polysaccharide?
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multiple C₆H₁₂O₆ by number of monomers, multiple H₂O by 1 less than number of monomers, subtract second number from first
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What are 6 examples of carbohydrates?
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grains, fruits, veggies, sugars, blood sugar, cell membrane
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What do carbohydrates work as in the cell membrane?
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name tag
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Which elements make up proteins?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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What is released when two macromolecules bond together?
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H₂O
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What is the general term for a protein?
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amino acid
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How many different types of amino acids are there?
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20
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What part of the amino acid structure dictates what type of amino acid it becomes?
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r group
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What is this?
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amino acid
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Which protein has 2 monomers?
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dipeptide
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Which protein has 3 or more monomers?
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polypeptide
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What are the 4 structural stages that a polypeptide goes through when it is folded?
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primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
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What dictates the structure that a polypeptide will fold into?
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function
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What is the name of the parallel structures that polypeptides sometimes fold into?
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β pleated sheet
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What are the cylindrical sections that polypeptides sometimes fold into?
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α helix
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What is the shape that polypeptides fold into during the tertiary phase?
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domain
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How do the folded polypeptide chains form a protein in the quaternary phase?
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two or more chains bond together to make a protein
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What are 8 examples of proteins?
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meat, poultry, fish, quinoa, muscles, hair, nails, cell membrane
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What do proteins act as in the cell membrane?
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doors
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What elements make up nucleic acids?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen
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What is the general term for a nucleic acid?
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nucleotide
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What is the name of a nucleic acid that has 2 monomers? What is its name if it has 3 or more monomers?
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dinucleotide, polynucleotide
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What is the name when two nucleotides bond together?
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RNA
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What is the name when RNA bonds together in a chain?
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DNA
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What is this?
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nucleic acid
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Which organic macromolecule has more protein than the other two?
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lipids
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What elements make up lipids?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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What are the building blocks of lipids?
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glycerol, fatty acid chains
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What is this?
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lipid
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What is the name for a lipid with 2 or more monomers?
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they don't bond
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What are 6 examples of lipids?
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butter, shortening, fat on meats, oils, nuts, cell membrane
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What do lipids act as in the cell membrane?
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guards
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What is the amino acid found in some poultry that makes you tired?
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L-tryptophan
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What is L-tryptophan?
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an amino acid found in poultry that makes you sleepy
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How do we absorb nucleic acids?
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in the molecules of things we ingest
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Which of the organic macromolecules do we not ingest purposely?
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nucleic acids
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What are proteins, carbs, and lipids converted to?
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ATP
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What is the polypeptide folding stage where everything compresses into a domain?
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tertiary
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What is the polypeptide folding stage where two folded structures bond together to form a protein?
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quaternary
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What three things make up a nucleic acid?
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phosphate, sugar, base
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What does it mean when a fatty acid chain is not filled with hydrogens?
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unsaturated
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What does it mean when a fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen?
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saturated
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What part of glycerol do fatty acid chains bond to in lipids?
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oxygen
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What dose the fatty acid chain look like?
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first C double bonded to O, other Cs bonded to each other and Hs, last C bonded to H on end
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What does glycerol look like?
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first C bonded to H on top and 1 side with O on other, second C bonded to H on 1 side and O on other, last C same as first
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What does an amino acid look like?
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N bonded to two Hs and C, first C bonded to H and r, last C bonded to O and OH
