ormrod educational psychology ch. 10 – Flashcards
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social cognitive theory
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theoretical perspective that focuses on how people learn by observing others and how they eventually assume control over their own behavior
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reciprocal causation
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interdependence of environmental, behavioral, and personal variables in influencing learners and development
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outcome expectation
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prediction regarding the consequence that a particular behavior is likely to yield
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incentive
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hoped-for, future consequence of a behavior
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vicarious reinforcement
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phenomenon in which a response increases in frequency when another person is observed being reinforced for that response
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vicarious punishment
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phenomenon in which a response decreases in frequency when another person is observed being punished for that response
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mirror neuron
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neuron in the brain that fires either when a person is performing a particular behavior or when the person sees someone else perform that behavior
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model
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real or fictional individual who demonstrates a behavior that learners might emulate or a set of instructions for successfully executing that behavior
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modeling
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demonstrating a behavior for another person or observing and imitating another's behavior
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cognitive modeling
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demonstrating how to think about as well as do a task
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self-efficacy
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belief that one is capable of executing certain behaviors or achieving certain goals
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resilient self-efficacy
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belief that one is capable of performing a task successfully even after experiencing setbacks
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coping model
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model who is initially struggles with a task but successfully overcomes obstacles
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collective self-efficacy
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people's beliefs about their ability to be successful when they work together on a task
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self-regulation
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process of setting a goals for oneself and engaging in behaviors and cognitive processes that lead to goal attainment
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self-regulated behavior
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self-chosen and self-directed behavior that leads to the fulfillment of personally constructed standards and goals
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emotional regulation
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process of keeping in check or internally altering feelings that could lead to counterproductive behaviors
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self-instructions
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instructions that one gives oneself while performing complex behaviors
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self-monitoring
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process of observing and recording one's behavior
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self-evaluation
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process of judging one's own performance and behavior
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self-imposed contignency
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self-reinforcement or self-punishment that follows a behavior
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self-regulated learning
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regulation of one's own cognitive processes and studying behaviors in order to learn sucessfully
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co-regulated learning
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process though which an adult and a child share the responsibility of directing aspects of the child's learning; a collaborative process in which one or more learners jointly support and monitor one another's learning progress
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self-regulated problem solving
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use of self-directed strategies to address complex problems
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peer mediation
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approach to conflict resolution in which a student (serving as a mediator) asks peers in conflict to express their differing viewpoints and then work together to devise reasonable resolution
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effortful control
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ability to inhibit dominant responses in favor of other, less dominant ones that might be more productive; an aspect of temperament that is influenced by biology and brain maturation
