Oceanography – 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Physical, Chemical, Biological, Geological Oceanography
answer
4 disciplines of Oceanography
question
Oceanography
answer
study of our oceans
question
resource, travel/commerce, part of our environment
answer
how we view the oceans
question
pacific islanders (polynesians)
answer
best at early navigation, made shell and stick diagrams
question
shell and stick diagrams
answer
constructed by pacific islanders (polynesians) from astute observations on islands and wave patterns/wind direction
question
Pytheas
answer
greek who measured latitude and sailed to Iceland
question
Eratosthenes
answer
calculated radius of the spherical earth of r=6366km
question
Pheonicians
answer
Mediterranean explorers and traders
question
Middle Ages (Dark Ages)
answer
much was forgotten during this time due to religious suppression of science
question
religious suppression
answer
can be blamed for science forgotten during the Middle Ages
question
Vikings
answer
9th century A.D. they explore Eastern Europe
question
Chinese
answer
conducted diplomatic missions as far as Africa during the Age of Exploration
question
Magellan
answer
circumnavigated the world for the Spanish during the Age of Exploration
question
Prince Henry the Navigator
answer
During the Age of Exploration, explored outside of Europe
question
outside of Europe
answer
During the Age of Exploration, Prince Henry the Navigator explored...
question
Bartholomeu Diaz
answer
During the Age of Exploration, sailed to tip of Africa
question
to tip of Africa
answer
During the Age of Exploration, Bartholomeu Diaz sailed...
question
Vasco de Gama
answer
During the Age of Exploration, sailed around Africa
question
around Africa
answer
During the Age of Exploration, Vasco de Gama sailed...
question
Colombus
answer
During the Age of Exploration, sailed west to find the "East"
question
west to find the "East"
answer
During the Age of Exploration, Colombus sailed...
question
John Cabot
answer
During the Age of Exploration, landed on N. America
question
N. America
answer
During the Age of Exploration, John Cabot landed on...
question
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
answer
During the Age of Exploration, crossed Panama and saw the Pacific
question
Panama, Pacific
answer
During the Age of Exploration, Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed this to see this
question
Magellan's Circumnavigation
answer
started with 5 ships and 288 sailors, ended with 1 ship and 18 sailors
question
5, 288, 1, 18
answer
Magellan's Circumnavigation started with _ ships, ___ sailors, but only _ ship and ___ sailors when it landed
question
Magellan's Circumnavigation
answer
From Spain, below south america, over to Indonesia, below Africa, back up to Spain
question
Polynesians
answer
navigated small distances using known wave patterns and wind direction
question
Latitude
answer
measured by early navigators using sun and stars
question
sun and stars
answer
used by early navigators to measure latitude
question
wave patterns and wind direction
answer
used by Polynesians to navigate small distances
question
time
answer
longitude is related to this
question
longitude
answer
related to time
question
John Harrison
answer
invented a sea-going clock
question
sea-going clock
answer
John Harrison invented this
question
Ben Franklin
answer
published map of Gulf Stream based on fishermen's and merchants' experiences
question
Bottom Samples
answer
Ross and Forbes conducted these
question
Ross and Forbes
answer
conducted bottom samples and discovered bottom samples in the tropics were similar to surface samples in the polar regions
question
Charles Darwin
answer
important guy on the voyage of the HMS Beagle
question
Charles Darwin
answer
specialization of peculiar species (Galapagos)
question
Charles Darwin
answer
interested in coral reef life history and geology
question
C. Wyville Thompson
answer
important guy on the voyage of the HMS Challenger
question
C. Wyville Thompson
answer
person interested in physics, chemistry and biology of world's sea floors after Ross-Forbes debate
question
HMS Challenger
answer
voyage exploring physics, chemistry and biology of world's sea floors after Ross-Forbes debate
question
HMS Challenger
answer
voyage that recorded bottom temperatures, dredge samples, bottom trawls
question
HMS Challenger
answer
voyage that discovered 4717 new species
question
Mariana Trench
answer
HMS Challenger recorded depth of this
question
HMS Challenger
answer
voyage that recorded depth of Mariana Trench
question
Matthew Fontaine Maury
answer
Father of Oceanography
question
Father of Oceanography
answer
Matthew Fontaine Maury
question
Matthew Fontaine Maury
answer
documented Ocean currents
question
Matthew Fontaine Maury
answer
hypothesized open seas near North Pole
question
George Washington Delong
answer
important guy on USS Jeanette
question
USS Jeanette
answer
voyage of George Washington Delong
question
USS Jeanette
answer
voyage that got stuck in polar ice north of Alaska
question
Fram
answer
designed to withstand ice and set "sail" stuck in ice
question
Fram
answer
inspired by distance that some parts of the Jeanette had traveled in pack ice
question
Fridtjof Nansen
answer
important guy on the Fram
question
Fram
answer
voyage Fridtjof Nansen was on
question
Fram
answer
discovered arctic ocean was 3000 m deep
question
3000
answer
Fram discovered arctic ocean was this deep
question
Fram
answer
discovered Arctic ocean had warm subsurface water (1.5 degrees Celsius)
question
1.5
answer
Fram discovered Arctic Ocean subsurface water was this temperature in Celsius
question
Fram
answer
voyage that incorporated Nansen bottles
question
Fram
answer
discovered Ekman's principles of wind driven drift
question
Meteor
answer
voyage that had 310 sampling stations in the South Atlantic
question
Meteor
answer
measured topography currents and chemistry in south atlantic
question
310
answer
number of sampling stations meteor had in the south atlantic
question
Meteor
answer
voyage that incorporated the echo sounder
question
Echo Sounder
answer
uses aboard the Meteor, used sound waves to measure depth, more accurate than long rope from a drifting ship
question
Meteor
answer
mapped much more of the seafloor using Echo Sounder
question
Echo Sounder
answer
technology used to discover the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
question
Mid Atlantic Ridge
answer
discovered by Meteor voyage using Echo Sounder
question
Meteor
answer
used Echo Sounder to discover Mid-Atlantic Ridge
question
Bathymetric charts
answer
submerged topographic map, based on depth
question
Alexander Agassiz
answer
brought oceanography recognition as a science
question
Alexander Agassiz
answer
used dredge to collect bottom organisms, one haul produced more specimens than entire Challenger Voyage
question
Challenger
answer
Alexander Agassiz haul discovered more specimens than this entire voyage
question
Alexander Agassiz
answer
skimmed rather than plowed
question
ONR
answer
Office of Naval Research
question
Office of Naval Research
answer
ONR
question
sonar and sea floor topography
answer
anti-submarine capabilities
question
Federal Sea Grant, Scripps, RSMAS, WHOI
answer
institutionalization of oceanography led to these (4)
question
IODP
answer
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
question
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
answer
IODP
question
ICDP
answer
International Continental Drilling Program
question
International Continental Drilling Program
answer
ICDP
question
Satellite Oceanography
answer
can measure skin temperatures of ocean water, top mm
question
skin temperatures (top mm)
answer
can be measured using electromagnetic radiation (satellite Oceanography)
question
Physical Oceanography
answer
Study movements of water and interactions between different masses of water
question
waves, currents, tides, interactions
answer
physical oceanography studies this
question
Chemical Oceanography
answer
chemistry of seawater
question
Chemical Oceanography
answer
water molecule, dissolved constituents, movement of chemical tracers
question
Biological Oceanography
answer
study of sea life
question
plankton
answer
plankton or whales/dolphins?
question
Geological Oceanography
answer
includes Paleoceanography and Marine Geology
question
Paleoceanography
answer
studies past ocean conditions and circulation
question
Marine Geology
answer
studies geology under the sea
