question

The following mineral is abundantly present in a shale:

answer

Clay mineral

question

A limestone consists essentially of the following mineral:

answer

calcite

question

The following mineral is abundantly present in sandstone:

answer

quartz

question

A chert or a flint consists of:

answer

quartz

question

The dark coloration of flint is due to the presence of:

answer

organic matter

question

Which of the following is always a clastic or detrital sedimentary rock?

answer

shale

question

Which one is considered to be a chemical sedimentary rock?

answer

limestone

question

Which one is always considered to be an evaporite sedimentary rock?

answer

limestone

question

Which one is considered to be a secondary sedimentary rock?

answer

dolostone

question

The most abundant sedimentary rock is:

answer

shale

question

Which of the following may not be commonly forming in very deep part of the modern ocean?

answer

limestone

question

Presence of rock fragments is very common in:

answer

conglomerate

question

The most diagnostic feature in sedimentary rocks is:

answer

layering or stratification

question

High degree of angularity of mineral grains in a sandstone would imply:

answer

short amount of transportation

question

Graded bedding implies deposition:

answer

in a deep water environment

question

The dominant mechanism by which calcite sediments are transformed into a limestone rock is:

answer

dissolution-crystallization

question

Sandstones with poorly sorted grains would imply:

answer

short transportation of the sediments which make up the rocks

question

Which one of the following sequences represents a continued marine transgression:

answer

limestone at the top, shale underneath it, and sandstone at the bottom

question

Which one of the following rocks would often suggest that the sediments came from a nearby source?

answer

Conglomerate

question

Cross-bedded sandstone or siltstone could imply that the sediments were deposited:

answer

in a turbulent environment

question

Probably the most important role of disintegration in weathering is:

answer

to provide increased surface area for chemical reactions

question

Rhyolite weathers more rapidly than granite because:

answer

rhyolite is a fine-grained rock and granite is a coarse-grained rock

question

Basalt weathers more rapidly than granite because:

answer

none of these

question

Among the following, which one is likely to be the most stable under weathering conditions?

answer

granite

question

Which one among the following minerals is most stable under weathering conditions?

answer

clay mineral

question

Which one among the following minerals is least stable under weathering conditions?

answer

olivine

question

Which rock would be the most resistant to chemical weathering?

answer

shale

question

Which of the following minerals can promote the rate of chemical weathering?

answer

pyrite

question

Chemical weathering of rocks in a valley is more pronounced than that of the same rocks on a hill top because:

answer

acidity of water is higher in the valley

question

Which one of the following minerals exposed to a weathering condition leaves essentially no secondary mineral product?

answer

quartz

question

Which one of the following minerals exposed to a weathering condition would contribute calcium to river and ground waters?

answer

calcite

question

Which one of the following minerals exposed to a weathering condition leaves a secondary minearl of iron oxyhydroxide composition:

answer

biotite

question

Which one of the following minerals exposed to a weathering condition would contribute potassium to river and ground waters?

answer

orthoclase

question

Which soil has practically no, or very little, amount of clay minerals?

answer

laterite

question

Which one of the following minerals does not influence the acidity of water?

answer

halite

question

Which one is not a source of acid that can help decompose or weather rocks and minerals?

answer

carbon dioxide

question

The presence of organic matter:

answer

increases the rate of chemical weathering

question

Two most abundant minerals in granite are:

answer

potassium feldspar and quartz

question

Two most abundant minerals in an andesite are:

answer

soda-calcium feldspar and hornblende

question

Two most abundant minerals in a basalt are:

answer

calcium-rich feldspar and pyroxene

question

Magmas are typically characterized by their:

answer

silicon dioxide contents

question

Which one of hte following pairs may be considered to be chemically very similar?

answer

rhyolite-granite

question

Which of the following rocks always occurs as an intrusive igneous rock?

answer

granite

question

which one of the following has the highest silica content?

answer

rhyolite

question

Which one has the lowest silica content?

answer

basalt

question

The silica content of a magma may increase by:

answer

as the magma evolves through the process of crystallization or mineral formation with accompanying separation of the minerals

question

Magmas of different compositions may result from:

answer

different degrees of partial melting of a parent rock

question

Which one of the following rocks cannot generally be melted by a magma of andesitic composition?

answer

basalt

question

The most abundant gas in magmas is:

answer

water vapor

question

Probably the second most abundant gas in magmas is:

answer

carbon dioxide

question

The highest amount of gas is generally associated with:

answer

andesitic magmas

question

An important role of gases is to:

answer

decrease the melting temperature of a rock and promote the rate of growth of crystals

question

Which one of the following rocks generally has the highest gas content

answer

granite

question

Rhylote rocks are much less abundant than granite rocks because:

answer

magmas of both types of rocks are rich in silica content, making the magmas highly viscous and thus are not very likely to reach the surface where they can solidify

question

The texture of an igneous rock provides a clue to the :

answer

cooling rate or the emplacement history of the magma

question

Which of the following magmas may be produced by partial melting of an andesite rock:

answer

rhyolitic magma

question

The following rock is most abundantly found ont he ocean floor:

answer

basalt

question

The following texture in a rock implies formation on the floor of a deep ocean

answer

pillow lava

question

Lava with aa-type surface texture or jagged surface texture implies:

answer

the lava with a high silica content

question

A batholith consists predominantly of:

answer

granite

question

The most abundant types of volcano are:

answer

cinder cones

question

The Hawaiian volcanic activites are believed to be linked to:

answer

hot spot activities

question

The chain of volcanic mountains, forming hte Cascade Mountains along the west coast of North America, represents volcanic activities:

answer

along convergent plate boundaries

question

Nuee ardente type volcanic eruption, as illustrated by the 1902 Mont Pelee in the Caribbean Islands, is one with discharges of

answer

gases and rhyolitic flows

question

The most abundant lava flows at divergent plate boundaries is:

answer

basalt

question

The most abundant lava flows at convergent plate boundaries is:

answer

andesite

question

The excessive pressure needed for the Krakatoa explosion of 1883 was most liley related to:

answer

superheated steam generated by intrusion of ocean water in the proximity of the magma chamber

question

the Vesuvius eruption of 72 AD that destroyed the city of Pompeii was caused by volcanic activites related to:

answer

convergent plate boundaries

question

Fissure eruption is rare in the recent history of Earth. THe youngest record of such an eruption is in Iceland and it occured a little more than 200 years ago. The type of rock typically associated with such an eruption is:

answer

basalt

question

The dominant composition of the eruptive materials from the Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is:

answer

lava flow

question

A metamorphic rock:

answer

results from transformation of a parent rock essentially in a solid state condition

question

Chemically active fluid that would be necessary to promote metamorphism of a parent rock may come abundantly from the following rock:

answer

limestone

question

Identify a non-foliated metamorphic rock among the following:

answer

marble

question

Metamorphism of limestone produces:

answer

marble

question

Metamorphism of sandstone produces:

answer

quartzite

question

Slate is produced from metamorphism of:

answer

shale

question

the following rock does not produce a schist:

answer

granite

question

The following sequence is the progressively increasing order or intensity of metamorphism of a shale:

answer

shale > slate > schist > gneiss

question

Metamorphic rocks in general:

answer

have the same chemical composition as the parent rocks

question

The most diagnostic feature of a metamorphic rock is:

answer

foliated texture

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