Geology Test #2 Study Guide – Flashcards
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True or False: We are living during the third largest extinction event in geologic history?
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True
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A pair of metamorphic rocks with biochemical origins are:
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Marble and Anthracite
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Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the:
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Grain sizes of the detrial particles.
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The appearance and rapid proliferation of hard boiled macro fossils in the geologic record is called the:
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Cambrian Explosion
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True or False: Marble is composed of the mineral calcite, but because it is metamorphic, it will no longer react with hydrochloric acid.
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False
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The two primary agents of metamorphism are:
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Heat and Pressure
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True or False: Unlike most other liquids, water increases in volume when it freezes.
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True
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Name a fossil that would NOT be considered a trace fossil?
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Teeth
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The components of chemical sedimentary rocks are transported as:
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Ions in solution
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The accumulation of large volumes of limestone occurs in which sedimentary environment?
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Shallow marine environments in association with shallow reef systems
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Eolian sedimentary environments are characterized by the action of:
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Wind
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What kind of limestone is a form of inorganic limestone?
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Oolitic Limestone
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True or False: Shock metamorphism results from the collision of two continental lithospheric plates?
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False
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What condition is NOT conducive of fossilization?
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Exposure at the surface for an extended period before burial.
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What is NOT one of the 5 fundamental soil forming factors?
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Erosion
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Rock salt is a:
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Inorganic chemical sedimentary rock
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The most common unconsolidated glacial sediment deposit is:
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Till
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Distributary channel systems are characteristic of which sedimentary environments:
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Alluvial and Deltaic
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Which of the following is not like the others, because it is NOT a chemical sedimentary rock? 1: Siltstone 2: Limestone 3: Dolostone 4: Rock Salt 5: Gypsum Salt
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Siltstone
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Metamorphic rocks with non-foliated textures result from what type of pressure?
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Isotropic
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The fossilized layered and mounded structures built by colonies of cyanobacteria are called:
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Stromatolites
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The state fossil of North Dakota is
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Teredo Wood
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Which of the following is considered a biogenetic chemical sedimentary rock, but its primary components are not minerals. 1: Limestone 2: Dolostone 3: Halite 4: Calcite 5: Coal
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Coal
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Which of the following metamorphic rocks forms from burial metamorphism of a limestone parent rock? 1: Slate 2: Anthracite 3: Halite 4: Marble 5: Granite
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Marble
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What are the two fundamental types / categories of weathering that breakdown rocks at the Earth's surface?
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Physical and chemical
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Which of the organisms below are echinoderms that exhibit five-fold symmetry in living or fossil specimens?
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Sea urchins and sand dollars
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The diagnostic difference between conglomerate and sedimentary breccia is:
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Breccia has angular clasts; conglomerate has rounded clasts.
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True or False: Living organisms and their biotic processes are vital and necessary components of soil?
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True
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Which of these is not like the others, is NOT a detrital sedimentary rock? 1: Limestone 2: Sandstone 3: Siltstone 4: Conglomerate 5: Shale
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Limestone
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Which of these is not like the other, which term or phrase is NOT a mechanism of physical weathering? 1: Wet and dry cycling 2: Frost wedging 3: Dissolution 4: Unloading 5: Thermal expansion contraction
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Dissolution
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In an idealized soil profile the correct sequence of soil master horizons from the surface downward is?
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O,A,E,B,C
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What cementing agent is responsible for most of the coloration of detrital sedimentary rocks?
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Iron oxides
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Which of the following sedimentary structures can indicate the flow direction of the mobile agent(s) when the sediments were deposited? 1: Mud cracks 2: Raindrop Marks 3: Ripple Marks 4: Concretions
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Ripple Marks
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Which of the following detrital sedimentary rocks is most likely to exhibit fine laminations?
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Shale
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True or False: Living organisms and their biotic processes are vital and necessary components of soil?
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True
