History Chapter 8 Medieval Church – Flashcards
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What did Europe look like after the Fall of Rome?
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-Barbarian tribes carved out their kingdoms -Rome's granduer:amphitheatre, roads, aquaducts in disrepair - Learning not valued -Trade and productivity declined
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What one thing remained that was a means of preserving elements of the culture of Rome>
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The Roman Catholic Church
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What was this age called?
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The Dark Ages, Medieval Times, Middle Ages
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What was the role of the church in Medieval times?
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It was the heart of medieval society -political and religious power -took major role in education -took major role in care of the poor, sick and ages
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What does the word Catholic mean?
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Universal - encompassing all
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What did the Roman Catholic Church come to represent?
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To the Europeans during this time it was the Universal Church of all believers
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What happened during the Middle Ages that caused the church to become too powerful?
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People began to look at the church for salvation instead of Jesus
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What were the 5 patriarchates of the Church during the Roman Empire?
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-Jerusalem -Antioch -Alexandria -Constantinople -Rome
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At first the 5 patriarchates were equal but which one became the leader?
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Rome and its bishop
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Why did Rome become the leader?
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Rome was the wealthies city and the world leader at the time - after the fall of Rome the Bishop of Rome was a source of stability
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Under what Bishop of Rome was the role of Rome further enhanced?
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Bishop Leo I of Rome
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What caused him to gain such authority?
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In 452 The Huns led by Atilla threatened to attack Rome and he convinced them to spare the city.
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What was Leo I called after he convinced Attilla to spare the city
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Papa or Pope
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What does Papa or Pope mean?
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Father Protector
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During the 5th and 6th centuries what was the Church in Rome able to accomplish?
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Authority over all churches - The title Pope was now reserved for the Bishop of Rome
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What did the bishops of Rome claim supported their supremacy over the other churches?
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The Petrine Theory
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What is the Petrine Theory?
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-It claims that Christ made Peter the head of the church - the first pope -Peter then passed that authority down to those who succeeded him
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What scripture is the Petrine Theory based on?
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Matt 16:18-19
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What were the false assumptions of the Petrine Theory?
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-Peter in scripture does not claim authority over the church -There is no historical evidence that Peter ever served as the bishop of the Church in Rome or that he passed down any authority to the Bishops of Rome
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Why did the Church have such great spiritual authority at that time?
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No one could read or examine the Bible for themselves - they placed their trust in the Church instead looking to God's word
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What title did the papacy assume?
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Vicarius Filii Dei - the one who takes the place of the Son of God
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What came out of the traditions and Bible doctrine?
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The Roman sacramental System
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What is a sacrament?
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A visible sign of invisible grace - a religious act that grants grace
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What are the 7 sacraments of the Roman Church
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1-Baptism- washes away original sin- intiates one into church 2-Confirmation-brings one into full fellowship of church and confers upon him the Holy Spirit 3-Penance-includes contrition(sorrow), Confession, satisfaction (actions to amend for sins), Absolution (forgivenss 4-Holy Eucharist/Communion - Bread and wine become body and wine 5-Matrimony - marriage 6-Holy Orders - service to the church ordaining to priesthood 7-Extreme Unction - last rites - anointing of blessing to a dying person. Purpose to receive forgiveness/healing
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Why was the sacramental system important to the church ?
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It gave the Church great power because no on could be saved without them.
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What happened during the Reformation?
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The sacramental system was rejected because of the belief that it gave salvation based on works.
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What were the people called that received Holy Orders?
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The clergy
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What were the common people called?
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Laity
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What were the different branches of the clergy?>
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Secular Clergy Regular Clergy
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What were the secular clergy responsible for?
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these men conducted religious services and administered the sacraments to the laity and supervised thebusiness and property of the church
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What were the regular clergy responsible for?
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they were the "fighting forces" renounced the world - their own personal ambitions were sacrificed in order to maintain a misson of social service - lived in monastic communities MONKS
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What was the Benedictine Rule?
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disciplined order that strictly regulated the lives of monks-monks entering this order took vows of poverty, celibacy,and obedience to the abbot (leader of monastery)
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What were monsasteries and convents for?>
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So men and women that became monks and nuns could live and serve the church
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What is an abbot?
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Leader of the Monastery
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Why did the monks and nuns give up all their worldly possessions?
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To dedicate themselves completely to Christian Service
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What were some of the missions of the orders of monks and nuns?
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- serve society, -live in solitude -missionaries of the church
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What monk wrote a book to set a pattern for monastic live?
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Benedict
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What were the 5 main rules that Benedict wrote?
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1-once you enter a monastery remain there for life 2-daily life followed strict schedule which included prayer and worship 3-7 hours a day s/b spent in manual labor 4-2 hours a day s/b spent reading bible and other christian works 5- Monks should eat one or two meals a day depending on season
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What did most monasteries end up following?
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The Benedictine rule
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What are monasteries credited for?
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preserving the classical writings of Greece and Rome, they were also great learning centers
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t/f Monastic communities were very unstable during the Early Middle Ages.
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false - they were very stable in the chaos around them and were well governed by their orderly written rules
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What was one of the biggest contributions of the Monks to the church during the Middle Ages?
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They were missionaries that brought the church to Ireland and Germany
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Who was the Monk that was a missionary to Ireland?
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Patrick "The Apostle of Ireland"
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What happened that gave Patrick interest in Ireland?
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when he was 16 his village was raided by Celts and he was taken back to Ireland as a slave
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Where was Patrick born?
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In Roman Britannia
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How long was Patrick a slave in Ireland?
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6 years - then he escaped to Gaul
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When did Patrick return to Ireland?
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in 432 after he had become a bishop
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What did Patrick do in Ireland?
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Established Monasteries that became leading educational institutions
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What happened to the Monks that became monks under Patrick?
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They became missionaries to Britain and Europe bringing Christians to the barbarians who had over run the empire
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Who was Boniface?
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He was an english monk that became the Apostle of the Germans
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Who was the "commander in chief" of the Medeival Church?
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The pope
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Who was the first Monk to become a Pope:?
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Gregory I
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What were some of the things that Gregory I did?
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-he assumed broad political powers -he promoted the equality of Scripture with Traditions of the Church -He promoted existence of Purgatory
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What music did he influence?
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Gregorian Chant
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What idea was prevalent in the Middle Ages as to the church?
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The churchly Kingdom- Christianity is too steep a mountain to climb
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What were the major contributions of the church Middle ages?
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They educated, cared for the poor, maintained justice and kept Europe from being plunged into darkness
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What is a relic?
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object associated with a saint; clothing, hair, bone
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Mass
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altar containing a relic - those who viewed spent less time in purgatory ie Noah's beard, Angel's feather
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What are Roman Catholic Saints
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"set apart, holy" bible characters or those considered noteworthy: Contradiction Romans 1:8 ALL loved by God are called to be saints
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Patron Saints St. Lucy
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Eyes
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Saint Valentine
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Love
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Saint Hubert
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Hunting
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Saint Martha
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Cooking
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Saint Sebastian
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Athletes
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Saint Matthew
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taxes
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Modern Day Saints:
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St. Michael - police St. Joseph - Funeral directors St. Clare - TV
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Country Saints
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George-England St. Patrick - Ireland St. Denis - France St. Boniface - Germany
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Beliefs on Mary
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never sinned always a virgin above all other saints
