-RNA Viruses – Flashcards
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| What is needed to be included in the viron with all -RNA viruses? |
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| RNA Dependant RNA polymerase |
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| BUZZWORD: Bullet Shapped |
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| Rhabdo viruses |
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| What is the main vector for rabies in the US? |
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| Raccoons |
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| How do you get rabies? |
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| Getting bit from a rabid animal |
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| In an infected person with Rabies, where would you swab to test for the presence of rabies? |
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| the saliva |
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| BUZZWORD: Hyrdophobia |
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| Rabies (Rhabdo virus) |
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| BUZZWORD: Negri bodies |
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| Rabies (Rhabdo virus) |
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| What major disease does the Filo virus cause? |
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| Ebola (and Marburg but more rare) |
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| BUZZWORD: Lassoshaped |
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| Ebola (Filo virus) |
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| Pt presents with bleeding from the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, and downstairs... what do they have? |
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| Ebola (Filo virus) |
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| How is Ebola transmitted? |
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| Respiratory and direct contact(blood) |
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| What part of the world is Ebola usually found? |
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| Africa and England |
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| How is the Bunya virus transmitted? |
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| mosqutios rodents and ticks (know Rodents for exam) |
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| How do you get Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrom (HPS)? |
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| Inhaling Rodent poo =) |
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| What is central to the pathogensis of the HSP virus? |
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| Functional impairment of vascular endothelium |
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| How do the symptoms of HSP layout? |
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| First you get a non specific illness (flu like with SOB and Tachycardia) and then BOOM, you enter the cardiopulmonary phase and shit goes down. |
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| What are 3 observations to diagnose HPS? |
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| 1. Area of country 2. Massive pulmonary infection 3. Death |
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| What virus is appears studded due to ribosomal attachment? |
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| Arena virus |
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| What 3 viruses/infections does the Reo Virus cause? |
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| 1. Reovirus 2. Rotovirus 3. Colorado Tick Fever Virus |
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| What is special about the structure of the reo virus? |
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| It has a double envelope |
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| How is the rotovirus transmitted? |
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| Fecal-Oral |
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| What diease does the rotovirus cause? |
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| Gastroeniritis |
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| What genera of influenza (orthomyxovirus) causes infections of humans/animals/both? |
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| Influenza A= both Influenza B+C= humans only |
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| What is hemagglutinin (HA), where is it located, and what types of viruses have it? |
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| HA= protein on the influenza virus which allows the cells to enter by binding to sialic acid on the host cell. Its located on the envelope on the virus |
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| What is neuramindiase (NA), where is it located, and what ypes of viruses have it? |
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| NA= enzyme which breaks down mucus that is located on the surface of the envelope on the influenza virus. It also, detaches sialic acid from HA so the virus can bind to other cells. |
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| What type of phenomena occurs about every decade with respect to influenza viruses? |
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| Antigentic shift |
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| What envelope protein is ALWAYS altered in a antigentic shift? |
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| HA |
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| Antigenic shift only occurs in which virus (be specific)? |
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| Influenza A |
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| How does antigenic shift happen? |
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| Influenza A viruses of 2 different strain infect the same cell. Each virus has 8 different segments that recombine to form a new virus that no one has antibodies for....uh oh |
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| What type of influenza virsus can do Antigenic drift? |
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| Type A and B |
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| What is Antigenic Drift? |
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| Small changes in the AA sequence of HA and NA due to RNA polymerases having no proof reading mechanisms. |
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| What is responsible for Pandemics? |
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| Antigenic shifts |
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| What is responsible for epidemics? |
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| Antigenic shifts |
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| How is the influenza virus transmitted? |
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| respiratory droplets |
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| What is characteristic of the flu? |
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| ABRUPT onset of high fever (102-104) Headache *No coryza associated with an influenza infection |
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| Once influenza enters the blood, what is its next target? |
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| Nothing! Its only confined to the RT! |
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| What is the influnza's virus pathogensis technique? How does it cause disease? |
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| Cilia are destroyed as well as mucus membrane secreting cells. |
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| What is the most common secondary infection with a influenza infection? |
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| Strep pneumonia |
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| What form of vaccine is the flu mist? |
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| Live attenuated. |
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| What 3 infections are caused by the Paramyxovirus? |
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| Measles, Mumps, RSV |
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| What virus cause the Measles? |
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| Morbilli virus (Paramyxovirus) |
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| How are the measles transmitted? |
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| Respiratory droplets |
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| What are the 3 clinical symptoms does a pt with the measles present with? |
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| 3C's: Cough Conjunctivitis Coryza (photosensitivity sometimes too) |
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| What is the vaccine status for the measles? |
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| Live-attenuated vaccine |
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| BUZZWORD: Koplik's Spots (on inner cheek) |
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| Measles (morbilli virus; paramyxovirus) |
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| When are the measles contagious the most (with respect to the onset of symptoms) |
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| Before the rash shows |
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| Where does the measles rash start? |
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| Behind the ears and travels down |
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| What causes Subacute Sclerosing pan Encepalitis (SSPE)? |
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| Measles (morbilli virus; paramyxovirus) |
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| What do you see first with measles, the rash or koplik's spots? |
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| Koplik's spots in the mouth |
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| What can you see on cell cultures of measles patients? |
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| Synatia |
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| BUZZWORD: Croup (Seal Cough) |
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| Parainfluenza |
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| How is the parainfluenza virus transmitted? |
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| Respiratory droplets |
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| What 3 clinical symptoms can you observe on pts with a infection with the parainfluenza? |
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| Croup, tachypnea, tachycardia |
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| What will you see notice in a host cellular culture of a pt who is infected with parainfluenza? |
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| host cell fusion (syncitia). It also causes hemaagglutination |
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| What parainfluenza serotypes give croup? |
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| 1+2 |
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| What parainfluenza serotype is active all year round? |
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| 3 |
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| What is a tell tale sign of MUMPS? |
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| Huge ass parotid gland swelling (bilateral) |
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| Route of Mumps infection? (starts where.... can go to where) |
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| Start in epitheial cells of URT and will go to parotid glands. Next it can enter the blood and go to testes can cause serility |
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| Why is it dangerous for men to have mumps? |
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| They could become sterile (orchiditis) |
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| How is mumps transmitted? |
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| Respiratiory droplets / direct contact |
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| BUZZWORD: Bilateral parotiditis |
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| MUMPS! |
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| What is the vaccine called for MUMPS? |
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| MMR |
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| What is the most common cause of fatal respiratory tract infections in infants? |
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| Respiratory Syncital Virus (RSV) |
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| What types of HA and NA does RSV have? |
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| NONE! |
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| What can RSV do that makes it so dangerous? |
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| It can form mucus + fibrin plugs that clog the airway. |
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| Where is RSV's target once it hits the blood? |
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| Nowhere, its localized to the URT |
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| When is RSV usually transmitted (time of year)? |
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| Winter |
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| Transmission of RSV? |
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| Respiratory droplets and hands via fomites |
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| BUZZWORD: Prominent Runny Nose |
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| RSV |
