Microbiology: Non specific (Innate) Host Responses – Flashcards
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| Innate immunity |
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| Immunity that comes from innate structure and function. Resists any microorganism or foreign material. |
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| antibody |
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| immunoglobulin. a glycoprotein made by mature B cells in response to an antigen. Has exact specificity. |
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| antigen |
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| a foreign substance that induces an immune response. Includes proteins, nucleoproteins, polysaccharides, glycolipid. |
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| basophil |
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| WBC granulocyte that is weakly phagocytic. Synthesizes and stores vasoactive molecules such as histine, released in response to external triggers. include mast cells |
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| B cell (lymphocyte) |
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| Derived from bone marrow stem cells, matures into an immunologically competent cell. After interacting with an antigen it becomes a plasma cell, which secretes and synthesizes antibodies. |
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| cytokine |
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| proteins released by cells of the immune system in response to specific stimuli. Influence activities of other cells. |
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| dendritic cell |
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| antigen presenting cell with long membrane extensions like neurons' dendrites. Found in lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus(interdigitating), skin(Langerhans), and other tissues (interstitial). recognise PAMPs |
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| interferon (INF) |
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| a glycoprotein that has nonspecific antiviral activity by stimulating cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA and proteins. Interferons also regulate the growth, differentiation and function of a variety of immune system cells. |
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| lymph node |
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| small secondary lymphoid organ that contains lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It serves as a site for filtration and removal of foreign antigens and the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes. |
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| macrophage |
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| A large, mononuclear phagocytic cell, present in various tissues. Macrophages are derived from monocytes. The phagocytose and destroy pathogens, macrophages also activate B and T cells. |
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| monokine |
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| a cytokine produced by mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes or macrophages) that mediates immune response. |
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| natural killer cell (NK) |
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| a type of WBC that is different than granulocytes, B cells and Tcells. Capable of killing virus-infected and malignant cells. |
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| neutrophil |
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| A mature granulocyte WBC formed in bone marrow. Has a nucleus with 3-5 lobes and is phagocytic. Most Abundant WBC |
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| phagocytosis |
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| the endocytotic process in which a cell encloses large particles in a membrane-delimited phagocytic vacuole or phagosome |
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| T cell (lymphocyte) |
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| Derived from bone marrow stem cells, matures into an immunologically competent cell under the influence of the thymus. T cells are involved in a variety of cell-mediated immune reactions and support B cell growth and development. |
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| toll-like receptor |
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| a type of pattern recognition receptor on phagocytes such as macrophages that triggers the proper response to different classes of pathogens. It signals the production of transcription factor NFkB, which stimulates formation of cytokines, chemokines, and other defense molecules. |
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| chemical mediators |
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| proteins or enzymes released to fight antigens - defensins, lysozymes, complement. |
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| Granulocytes |
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| aka (PMN) leukocytes. ex neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils |
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| Agranulocytes |
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| includes monocytes and lymphocytes |
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| lymphocytes |
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| Agranulocyte. T cells and B cells |
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| Types of White Blood Cells |
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| Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils |
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| eosinophil |
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| release cationic peptides. they kill invading organisms by ROS (reactive oxygen species). Also down-regulate allergic reactions |
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| PAMP |
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| pathogen associated molecular patterns |
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| B cells |
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| mature in bone marrow. differentiate into plasma and memory B cells.Plasma: work with antibodies to opsonize bacteria and neutralize toxins and viruses. |
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| T cells |
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| mature in the thymus. differentiate into Memory T cells, T-helper cells and Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. T-helpers: enhance or suppress immune cell actions. Lymphocyte: have lytic enzymes and proteins that kill altered or infected cells. |
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| Peptide in MHC-II |
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| comes from bacteria, incorporated into membrane of phagocyte. contains the antigen on the pathogen and takes it to antibody making cells. antigen presentation. |
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| lysosome |
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| the cell component that contains lytic enzymes and ROS/RNS that kills injested objects or organisms. |
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| lysozyme |
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| cuts peptidoglycan to break down bacterial cell walls. |
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| signal transduction |
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| important to cellular bio. cancer cells may mediate so that growth is always turned on or receptors don't pick up TLS |
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| MALT/BALT/GALT/SALT |
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| mucosal/bronchial/gut/skin associated lymphoid tissue. |
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| Antimicrobial peptides |
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| cationic, bacteriosins (made by bacteria to suppress other bac.), complements, cytokines |
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| complement |
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| system of over 30 blood proteins that augment phagocytosis |
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| Apoptosis |
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| programmed cell death |
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| biological therapeutics |
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| compounds used for medicine that must be manufactured by a cell, not chemically |
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| interferon |
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| chemokine stimulated, inhibits virus production inside the cell |
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| A gene |
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| "A" agouti: banded hair, only express yellow/orange. "a" non agouti |
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| B gene |
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| B is black. b is brown. bl is light brown |
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| C gene |
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| C is full color. c is different levels of albinism: cb burmese, cs siamese, ca blue eye albino (pink reflection), c full albino |
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| D gene |
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| D dense/normal pigment. d diluted. |
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| fd gene |
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| fd normal non folded ears. Fd folded ear. homozygous lethal |
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| Hr gene |
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| Hr normal hair hr hairless |
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| i gene |
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| i normal pigment I "silver" - block phaeomelanin |
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| L gene |
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| L - short hair l - long hair |
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| m gene |
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| m - normal tail. M - manx tail homozygous lethal |
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| o gene |
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| o - not orange. O - orange. heterzygous calico/ tortoiseshell |
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| pd gene |
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| pd normal Pd polydactyl. can have radial hypoplasia |
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| R gene |
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| R - normal straight hair. r different rexes: r cornish, re devon, ro oregon |
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| s gene |
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| s - no spotting. S - piebald, white patches. homozygous more than heterozygous |
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| T gene |
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| T - mackeral tabby, Ta abbysinnian, tb blotched tabby |
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| w gene |
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| w normal color, W white - blue eyes might be deaf |
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| wh gene |
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| wh normal Wh wire hair |
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| sp gene |
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| sp - normal pattern. Sp - break up stripes into spots |
