Flashcards and Answers – Microbiology
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| What are Microorganisms |
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| minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye |
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| The genus... |
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| is the first name and always capitilized |
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| specific epithet |
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| follows but is not capitilized (last name) |
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| What is Bacteria |
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| simple, single-celled (unicellular) organism.Often called prokaryotes because the nucleaus is not enclosed. - Prokaryotes - Peptidoglycan cell walls - Binary Fisson - for energy, use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals or photosynthesis. |
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| what are Prokaryotes |
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| no nucleus or membrane, enveloped organisms |
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| Archaea |
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| - Prokaryotic - Often have cell walls but the walls lack Peptidoglycan -Live in extreme enviroments (dead sea or great salt lake) Include Mathanogens, Extreme Halophiles, and Extreme thermophiles. |
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| Fungi |
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| Eukaryotes whos cell wall have a distinct nucleaus containing the cell's genetic material. Surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear membrane. |
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| What is Chitin |
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| True fungi have cell walls composed of... |
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| What is Protozoa |
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| unicellular eukaryotic microbes. - Eukaryotes - Absorb or ingest organic chemicals - May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella. |
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| What is Algae |
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| photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shaped and both sexual and asexual reproductive forms. - Eukaryotes - Cellulose cell walls - Use photosynthesis for energy - Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds. |
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| What are Viruses |
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| Acellular - Consist of DNA or RNA COre - Core is surrounded by a protein coat - Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope - Viruses are replicated only when that are in a living host cell |
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| What are Helminths |
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| Two major groups of parasitic worms are the flatworms and the round worms. |
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| The Classification of Microorganisms - Three Domains |
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| 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya (protists, fungi, plants, and animals) |
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| Robert Hooke |
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| discovered the "cell theory". All living things are composed of cells. |
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| Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
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| first to actually observe live microorganisms through the magnifying lenses of more than 400 microscopes he constructed. (Late 1700's) |
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| Francisco Redi |
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| Tested the Meat with flies expirament. Proved that flies had to land their eggs on the meat in order to produce maggot. |
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| Biogenisis |
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| Claim that living cells can arise from preexisting living cells. |
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| Aseptic Technique |
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| Techniques that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms. Now are the standard practice and lab procedurs. |
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| Pasteurization |
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| High Heat for a short time. Pasteur's solution to the spoilage problem was to heat the beer and wine just enough to kill most of the bacteria. Now used to reduce spoilage and kill bacteria in milk. |
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| Bacillus |
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| rod like cell |
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| Coccus |
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| spherical |
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| Sprial Cell |
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| corkscrew |
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| Cell Theory |
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| All living things are composed of cells and come from prexisting cells |
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| Agositno Bass |
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| showed that a silkworm disease was cause by a fungus |
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| Ignaz Semmelweis |
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| advocated hand washing to prevent tranmission of puerperal fever from one OB patient to another. |
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| Joseph Lister |
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| used a chemical disinfecant to prevent surgical wound infections |
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| What is immunity |
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| The protection from disease provided by vaccination. |
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| Robert Koch |
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| This man proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps called Koch's postulates, to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease. |
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| Edward Jenner |
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| inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who then had immunity to smallpox. Vaccination is derived from vacca, for cow |
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| The laboratory of Robert Koch contributed which of the following to the field of microbiology a. simple staining technique b. use of Petri dishes c. first photomicrograph of bacteria c. all of the above |
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| All of the Above |
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| Who developed the smallpox immunization? |
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| Edward Jenner |
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| Who come up with the Germ theory of disease? |
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| Louis pasteur |
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| Who was the founder of antiseptic surgery? |
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| Joseph Lister |
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| Which of the following types of microbes is a common sight on the surfaces of freshwater ponds and lakes Algae. Bacteria. Viruses. Fungi. |
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| Algae |
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| All of the following are examples of microorganisms EXCEPT: a yeast cell. a tapeworm. a bacterium. an amoeba. |
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| A tapeworm |
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| The 18th-century scientist Linnaeus is famous for developing which of the following A system for naming plants and animals. The first microscope. A cure for tuberculosis. Rules for studying microbes |
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| a system for naming plants and animals |
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| What is Chemotherapy? |
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| Treatment of disease by using chemical substances. |
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| What is Antibiotics? |
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| Chemicals produced Naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms. |
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| What are synthetic drugs? |
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| Chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory. |
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| Paul Erlich |
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| "magic bullet" that could destroy a pathogen without harming the host. - he developed a synthetic arsenic drug salvarsan, to treat syphillis. |
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| Alexander Fleming discovered |
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| the first antibiotic, Penicillin. |
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| Bacteriology |
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| study of bacteria |
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| Mycology |
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| Study of fungi |
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| Virocology |
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| study of viruses |
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| Parasitology |
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| study of protozoa and parasitic worms. |
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| Immunology |
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| Study of immunity |
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| Microbial genetic |
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| the study of how microbes inherit traits |
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| Molecular Biology |
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| the study of how DNA directs protein synthesis |
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| Genomics |
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| The study of an organism's genes, has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms. |
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| Recombinant DNA |
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| DNA made from 2 different sources. |
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| Recombinant DNA |
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| DNA made from 2 different sources. Biotechnology, enables bacteria and fungi to produce a variety of proteins including vaccines and enzymes. |
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| Biofilm |
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| the slime covering a rock in a lake is a... |
