Final Exam 3 – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature? |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
| Bacteria divide by ___________ . |
| binary fission |
Which of the theories listed did Pasteur’s classic experiment using curved neck flasks helped disprove? |
| Spontaneous generation |
| Which of the following is probably true about all the experiments that were used to support the theory of spontaneous generation? |
Microorganisms were already present |
Which of the following provided a method of demonstrating that a microorganism could be responsible for a particular disease? |
| Koch |
| In the name Escherichia coli, the coli refers to the |
| Species |
| Organisms that use glucose for carbon and energy are called? |
| Chemoheterotrophs |
Gram positive cocci in clusters are most likely_______? |
| Staphylococcus |
| The resolution of a microscope can be improved by changing the __________. |
| Wavelength of light |
| What is the total magnification of bacteria if you used a compound light microscope and the 20x objective? |
| 200x |
| Gram staining of bacteria enables one to distinguish two kinds of bacterial |
| cell walls |
| Which type of microscope is best to visualize a 300nm virus? |
| Electron microscope |
| Which of the following are considered light microscopes? |
| A. Confocal microscope B. Phase-contrast microscope C. Brightfield microscope D. Darkfield microscope E. All of the above |
Which eukaryotic organelles possess bacteria like ribosomes? |
| B. Chloroplasts C. Mitochondria |
Which of the following are characteristics that distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells? |
A. DNA not enclosed in a membrane B. They lack membrane bound organelles C. Cell walls with peptidoglycan D. DNA not bound to histones E. All of the above |
The _________ is the unorganized form of the glycocalyx. |
| Slime layer |
| (fig 1) depicts a bacterial plasma membrane. ____________ have the ability to flip flop within the membrane? |
| Peripheral proteins |
Ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits. Prokaryotic ribosomes are called ________, which are made up of a small _________ subunit and a larger _________ subunit. |
| 70S, 30S, 50S |
| Frimbriae and pili differ in that pili |
| can transfer DNA |
| Which method(s) of transporting nutrients across the plasma membrane require energy? |
C. active transport D. group translocation |
| In Figure 3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-nejative cell wall? |
| a. with small peptidoglycan layer |
| In Figure 3, what is the bilayer directly outside the layer of peptidoglycan in picture (a) (left) called? |
| outer membrane |
| If bacteria that normally grow well in 10% salt (inside cell) but are put in a hypotonic salt solution the cells will |
| take up water the bacteria will swell |
| Which of the following is NOT a molecule found in bacterial cell walls? |
| Cellulose |
| LPS is uniquely found in |
| gram negative cell walls |
| Inhibition of an enzyme where the inhibitor binds directly to the active site of the enzyme is called _______________? |
| competitive inhibition |
| In this figure_______________________ |
| Molecule W is the oxidized form of molecule Y |
| What are the three principle stages of cellular respiration? |
| glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport |
| According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP is generated when? |
| Protons flow back across the membrane and create a proton motive force |
| The catabolic process/pathway in which pyruvic acid is converted into NADH2, FADH2, GTP and CO2 |
| Krebs cycle |
When one molecule of NADH passes through the electron transport chain, how many molecules of ATP are produced? |
3 |
Glycolysis, embden-meyerhoff, is the oxidation of glucose to two molecules of _______ which possess ________ carbon(s) per molecule. |
pyruvic acid, 3 |
How many ATP can be generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose? |
| 38 |
Most enzymes: |
Are effective at an optimum temperature for the reaction they catalyze. |
| Aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following ways? |
| The final electron acceptors are different |
Why are intermediates of catabolic pathways also important to anabolic pathways? |
common intermediates of catabolic pathways are often used in anabolic pathways. |
| faculative anaerobe: |
| has both catalase and SOD |
Which group of organisms are most likely to grow in the Great Salt Lake? |
| halophiles |
| Cells may enter stationary phase because of |
A. the depletion of an essential nutrient. D. formation of products that change the pH of the media
|
| During the lag phase of growth, bacteria are |
| A. gearing up for growth but not yet dividing B. adapting themselves to growth conditions C. not dividing yet D. synthesizing enzymes and other molecules. E. All of the above are accurate descriptions of the lag phase. |
| During the log phase of growth, bacteria are |
| repeatedly doubling in number in a given period of time (i.e., the doubling time) |
| Which tube contains an organism which is a microaerophile? |
E all grouped together in one section of tube. |
| Which tube contains an organism which is an obligate anaerobe? |
C All of it at the bottom |
| ____________________ are required organic compounds because they are essential cell components or precursors of such components that cannot be synthesized by the organism. |
| Growth factors |
| Where can amphipathic molecules like phospholipids most likely found in eukaryotic cells? |
| B. around organelles. C. plasma membrane |
| Which of the following are characteristics of Clostridium botulinum? Choose all that apply. |
A. gram positive D. obligate anaerobe E. produces toxin
|
| Mesophiles are |
| a group of bacteria that contain many human pathogens. |
| Catalase is an enzyme that...... |
| degrades reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide H2O2. |
