Eukaryotic Organisms – Flashcards
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| Why is Kingdom Protista not considered a true kingdom? |
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| Because the organisms vary tremendously from one to another. The only universal characteristic is that they are all eukaryotic. |
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| How are Kingdom Protista classified? |
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| Whether or not the organism is more plant-like or more animal-like. |
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| Are algae more plant-like or animal-like? |
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| Plant-like. |
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| What do algae posses? |
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| Photosynthetic pigments and a cell wall. |
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| How are they further divided? |
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| By which pigment are present. |
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| Which two algae are a threat to human health? What do they cause? |
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| Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax. Cause Paralytic shell poisoning. |
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| Are protozoans more animal-like or plant-like? |
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| Animal-like. |
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| How are protozoans further divided? |
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| their method of locomotion. |
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| What are the 5 subgroups of locomotion? |
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| 1.)Flagellates 2.)Sarcodina 3.)Ciliophora 4.)Microspora 5.)Apicomplexa |
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| What are the three flagellate protozoans? |
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| Trypanosoma & Trichomonas vaginalis & Giardia Lamblia |
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| What does trypanosoma cause? |
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| African Sleeping Sickness |
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| What does trichomonas vaginalis cause? |
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| A sexually transmitted protozoan that causes vaginitis. |
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| What does Giardia Lamblia cause? |
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| Intestinal parasite that causes Giardiasis (diarrheal illness). |
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| How are Sarcodina mobile? |
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| pseudopodia |
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| What is one sarcodina and what does it cause? |
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| Entamoeba histolytica that causes amoebic dysentery. |
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| How do ciliophora move? |
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| Cilia |
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| What is one ciliophora and what does it cause? |
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| Balantidium coli - causes dysentery |
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| How do microspora move? |
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| Via polar filament |
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| What is one microspora and what does it cause? |
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| Microspordium - causes diarrhea; infects peeps with aids |
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| Can apicomplexa move? |
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| No. |
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| What are 2 apicomplexa? |
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| Plasmodium & Crytospordium |
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| What is plasmodium and what does it cause? |
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| Causes Malaria |
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| What is Cryptospordium and what does it cause? |
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| Causes food-borne, diarrheal illness. |
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| What is the difference between plant and fungi cell walls? |
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| Plant = cellulose Fungi = Chitin |
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| Are fungi photosynthetic? |
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| no. |
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| What are fungi instead of photosynthetic? |
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| Saprobic - live off of dead organic matter. |
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| What are mycoses? |
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| Fungi that grow in or on the human body and causes a disease. |
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| What are the two subcategories of mycoses? |
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| Yeasts and molds |
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| Are yeast singular or multicellular? |
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| Single |
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| Are molds single or filamentous fungi? |
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| Filamentous. |
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| What are hyphae? |
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| Individual filaments that absorb nutrients |
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| What are mycelium? |
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| A collection of hyphae growing in one location. |
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| How is specific classification of fungi determined? |
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| By the type of reproduction they exhibit. |
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| What are the 4 specific classifications of fungi? |
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| 1.)Zygomycetes 2.)Basidiomycetes 3.)Asomycetes 4.)Deuteromycetes |
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| What do zygomycetes usually cause? What is one example of it? |
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| Food spoilage. Rhizopus - black bread mold |
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| What is an example of a basidiomycete and what does it cause? |
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| Flibasidiella neoformans - cause a form of meningitis |
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| What are five examples of Asomycetes and what do they cause/do? |
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| 1.)Saccharomyces- used in bread/beer/wine 2.)Candida albicans - cause thrush, vaginal yeast infection and severe diaper rash in children. 3.)Pneumocystis jiroveci - cuases a lung infection that is the leading cause of death in AIDS patients 4.)Coccidioides immitis - cause Valley fever 5.)Histoplasma capsulatum - mild respiratory disease |
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| What are deuteromycetes also called? |
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| Fungi imperfecti |
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| What are 2 examples of deuteromycetes? |
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| 1.)Aspergillus - Produces a toxin that is carcinogenic /causes Aspergillosis 2.)Penicillin - leading source of penicillin ALSO CAUSATIVE AGENT OF RINGWORM/ATHLETES FOOT |
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| Why do we study Kingdom Animalia? |
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| Because of their importance in human diseases and the fact that diagnosis often requires microscopic examination of eggs. |
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| What are the two subcategories of Kingdom Animalia? |
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| Helminthes & Arthropods |
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| What are the 3 subcategories of helminthes? |
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| Nematodes (round) Cestodes (tape) Trematodes (flukes) |
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| What is Enterobius vermicularis? (N) |
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| Pinworm. |
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| What is Necator americanus? (N) |
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| Hookworm. |
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| What is Wucheria bancrofti? (N) |
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| Elephantiasis. |
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| What is trichinella spiralis? (N) |
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| Trichinosis |
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| What is Trichuris truchiura? (N) |
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| Whipworm |
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| What is loa loa? (N) |
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| Causes Loaiasis. |
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| What is Ascaris lumbricoides? (N) |
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| Causes Ascariasis |
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| What is Onchocera volvulus? (N) |
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| Causes river blindness. |
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| What is Taenia Saginatus? (C) |
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| Beef tapeworm |
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| What is Taenia Solium? (C) |
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| Pork tapeworm |
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| What is dipylidium caninum? (C) |
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| Dog/cat tapeworm |
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| What is diphyllobothrium latum? (C) |
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| Fish tapeworm |
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| What is schistosoma mansoni? (F) |
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| Blood fluke; causes schistosomiasis |
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| What is clonorchis sinesis? (F) |
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| Chinese liver fluke/infects gallbladder |
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| What is paragonimus westermani? (F) |
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| lung fluke |
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| What is Fasciola buski? (F) |
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| intestinal fluke |
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| Insects serve as biological _______. |
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| vectors |
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| What are the 5 types of arthopod vectors? |
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| 1.)Mosquitoes 2.)Fleas 3.)Lice 4.)Ticks 5.)Flies (biting) |
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| What are the 3 viruses that mosquitoes carry? |
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| 1.)Plasmodium 2.)Flavivirus 3.)West Nile Virus |
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| What does plasmodium cause? |
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| Malaria |
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| What does Flavivirus cause? |
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| Yellow fever |
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| What does WNV cause? |
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| West Nile Fever |
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| What are 2 viruses that fleas carry? |
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| 1.)Yersinia pestis 2.)Rickettsia typhi |
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| What does Yersinia pestis cause? |
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| The plague. |
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| What does Rickettsia typhi cause? |
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| Endemic typhus. |
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| What two viruses do lice carry? |
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| 1.Ricksettsia prowazekii 2.)bartonella quintana |
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| What does Ricksettsia prowazekki cause? |
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| Epidemic typhus |
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| What does Bartonella Quintana cause? |
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| Trench fever |
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| What 3 viruses to ticks carry? |
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| 1.)Rickettsia rickettsii 2.)Borrelia burgdorferi 3.)Francisella tularensis |
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| What is rickettsia rickettsii cause? |
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| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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| What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause? |
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| Lyme disease |
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| What does Francisella Tularensis cause? |
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| Rabbit fever |
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| What 3 diseases do biting flies carry? |
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| 1.)Loa loa 2.)Trypanosoma 3.)Onchocerca volvulvus |
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| What does loa loa cause? |
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| Loasis |
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| What does Trypanosoma cause? |
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| African Sleeping Sickness |
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| What does onchocerca volvulus cause? |
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| River blindness. |
