Chapter 12 Micro – Flashcards
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| Interferon |
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| Antiviral or anticancer. Produced by fibroblasts and leukocytes in response to immune stimuli |
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| Saquinavir |
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| Anti-Viral Works by inhibition of Viral Assembly/Release |
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| Amantidine |
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| Antiviral or anticancer Produced by fibroblasts and leukocytes in response to immune stimuli |
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| Acyclovir |
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| Antiviral Works by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis |
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| Zidovudine (AZT) |
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| Antiviral Works by nucleic acid synthesis (Nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor) |
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| Nevirapine |
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| Antiviral Works by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis(Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) |
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| Fuzeon |
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| Antiviral. Works by inhibition of virus entry and inhibits receptor binding, fusion, and uncoating. |
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| Amantidine |
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| Antiviral. Works by inhibition of virus entry and inhibits receptor binding, fusion, and uncoating. |
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| Tamiflu |
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| Antiviral. Works by inhibition of virus entry and inhibits receptor binding, fusion, and uncoating. |
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| Relenza |
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| Antiviral. Works by inhibition of virus entry and inhibits receptor binding, fusion, and uncoating. |
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| Metronidazole |
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| Antiparasite. Can treat Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica & Trichomonas vaginalis. |
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| Chloroquine |
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| A synthetic quinolone. Antiparasitic Treats Protozoan Helminthes. |
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| Primaquine |
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| A synthetic quinolone. Antiparasitic Treats Protozoan Helminthes. |
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| Mefloquine |
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| A synthetic quinolone. Antiparasitic Treats Protozoan Helminthes. |
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| Clotrimazole |
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| A synthetic azole. A broad spectrum antifungal. Inhibits ergosterol synthesis which weakens the fungal cell membranes |
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| Fluconazole |
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| A synthetic azole. A broad spectrum antifungal. Inhibits ergosterol synthesis which weakens the fungal cell membranes |
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| Miconazole |
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| A synthetic azole. A broad spectrum antifungal. Inhibits ergosterol synthesis which weakens the fungal cell membranes |
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| Ketoconazole |
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| A synthetic azole. A broad spectrum antifungal. Inhibits ergosterol synthesis which weakens the fungal cell membranes |
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| Amphotericin B |
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| Macrolide polyene. Bacteriocidal antifungal. Causes loss of selective permeability and binds to sterol esterol. Used to treat candidiasis/yeast infections |
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| Nystatin |
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| Macrolide polyene. Bacteriocidal. Antifungal. Causes loss of selective permeability and binds to sterol esterol. Used to treat candidiasis/yeast infections |
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| Sulfonamides |
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| Antibacterial. Folic acid (folate pathway) inhibitor. Both cidal and static. |
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| Trimethoprim (TMP) |
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| Antibacterial. Folic acid (folate pathway) inhibitor. Both cidal and static. |
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| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) |
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| Antibacterial. Folic acid (folate pathway) inhibitor. TMP-SMX works synergistically to block metabolic pathways at different sites. Both cidal and static. |
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| Daptomycin |
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| Cell membrane inhibitor. Antibacterial lipopeptide. Effective against limited gram positive bacteria. Causes depolarization of cell membranes. Active against methicillin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Bacillus species. |
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| Polymyxin B |
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| Cell membrane inhibitor. Antibacterial lipopeptide. Effective against limited gram negative bacteria. Interacts w/ phospholipids & increases membrane permeability |
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| Metronidazole |
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| Bactericidal. DNA&RNA inhibiting antibacterial. Effective against bacterial protozoa. Produces cytoxic compounds that disrupt DNA |
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| Gatifloxacin |
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| Fluoroquinolone. Antibacterial. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Bactericidal and effective against limited gram positive bacteria. |
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| Gemifloxacin |
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| Fluoroquinolone. Antibacterial. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Bactericidal and effective against limited gram positive bacteria. |
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| Moxifloxacin |
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| Fluoroquinolone. Antibacterial. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Bactericidal and effective against limited gram positive bacteria. |
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| Trovafloxacin |
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| Fluoroquinolone. Antibacterial. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Bactericidal and effective against limited gram positive bacteria. |
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| Cinoxacin |
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| Bactericidal. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Quinolone. Effective against limited gram negative bacteria |
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| Nalidixic acid |
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| Bactericidal. DNA&RNA inhibitor. Quinolone. Effective against limited gram negative bacteria |
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| Rifampin |
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| DNA&RNA inhibiting. Ansamycin. Effective against limited bacteria. Cannot pass through the envelope of gram negative bacilli. |
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| Chloramphenicol |
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| Phenicol. 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Antibacterial. Broad spectrum. Bacteristatic. Given to seriously ill patients because long term use can result in aplastic anemia. |
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| Linezolid |
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| Oxazolidone. 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Antibacterial. Used for methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. |
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| Clindamycin |
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| Broad spectrum. Lincosamide. Cidal or static antibiotic. 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Has better antibacterial activity and improved adsorption after oral administration |
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| Lincomycin |
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| Broad spectrum. Lincosamide. 50s rimbosomal inhibitor. Antibiotic |
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| Telithromycin |
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| 50s ribosomal inhibiting. Ketolide. Bactericidal against respiratory pathogens and inter-cellular bacteria. Derivative of Erythromycin. Good for treating community-acquired respiratory tract infections. |
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| Azithromycin |
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| 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Broad spectrum antibiotic. Bacteristatic except against streptococci which is bactericidal. |
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| Clarithromycin |
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| 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Broad spectrum antibiotic. Bacteristatic except against streptococci which is bactericidal. |
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| Dirithromycin |
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| 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Broad spectrum antibiotic. Bacteristatic except against streptococci which is bactericidal. |
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| Erythromycin |
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| 50s ribosomal inhibitor. Broad spectrum antibiotic. Bacteristatic except against streptococci which is bactericidal. |
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| Tigecycline |
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| 30s ribosomal protein inhibitor. Antibacterial. Glycylcycline. This is the only approved glycylcycline. |
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| Doxycycline |
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| 30s ribosomal inhibiting. Tetracycline. Broad spectrum. Antibacterial. Administered orally. Used to treat anthrax. |
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| Minocycline |
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| 30s ribosomal inhibiting. Tetracycline. Broad spectrum. Antibacterial. Administered orally. |
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| Tetracycline |
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| 30s ribosomal inhibiting. Broad spectrum. Antibacterial. Administered orally. |
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| Aminocyclitols |
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| Affective against limited bacteria. 3 0s ribosomal inhibitor. Bacteristatic. Used to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae. |
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| Vancomycin |
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| Non-beta lactam. Cell wall inhibiting. Antibacterial. Effective against aerobic and anaerobic G+ bacteria. Inactive against G- & mycobactria. Used to treat MRSA. |
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| Fosfomycin |
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| Non beta lactam. Cell wall inhibiting. Broad spectrum. Used in the treatment of UTI's (urinary tract infections). |
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| Bacitracin |
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| Non beta lactam. Antibacterial. Cell wall inhibiting. Effective against G+ bacteria. Administered topically. |
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| Carbapenems |
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| Beta lactam. Cell wall inhibiting. Broad spectrum. Cause cell elongation & lysis. Stable against beta-lactamases |
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| Aztreonam |
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| Monobactam. Cell wall inhibitor. Narrow spectrum antibiotic used for treatment in penicillin allergic patients. Not effective against beta-lactamases |
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| Cephalosporin |
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| Broad spectrum. Cell wall inhibitor. Not effective against most penicillinases. Similar to the action of penicillin but causes less allergies. |
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| Penicillin V and G |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Most important natural forms. |
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| Ampicillin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. |
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| Carbenicillin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. |
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| Amoxicillin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. |
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| Mezlocillin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Can be substituted for combinations of antibiotics. Very broad spectrum. |
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| Azlocillin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Can be substituted for combinations of antibiotics. Very broad spectrum. |
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| Augmentin |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid |
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| Zosyn |
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| Cell wall inhibiting. Penicillin. Bactericidal. Low toxicity to host. Zosyn is Tazobactam combined with piperacillin |
