Chapter 4 Leadership Answers – Flashcards

Is used to determine if a persons leadership style is task-or relationship-oriented, and if the situation (leader-member relationship, task structure, and position power) matches the leader's styles to maximize performance

Identify contingency variables and leadership styles without specifying which style to use in a given situation

Is used to determine which one of the seven styles to select, based on the use of boss-centered verses subordinate centered leadership, to meet the situation (boss, subordinates, situation/time) to maximize performance.

Is an example of an emulation or use in a given situation

Has time driven and development driven decision tree that enables the user to select one of five leadership styles (decide, consult individually, consult group, facilitate, and delegate) appropriate for the situation (seven questions/ variables) to maximize decisions.

Used to select the leadership style (directive, supportive, participative, or achievement oriented) appropriate for the situation (subordinate amd environment) to maximize both performance and job satisfaction

Tell the user exactly which style to use in a given situation (however the continuum and path-goal leadership models are descriptive leadership models that identify contingency variables w/out specifying which style to use.)

Includes characteristics of of the subordinate, task and organization that replace the need for a leader or neutralize the leaders behavior (self managed teams)

Behavioral theories attempt to determine the one best leadership style for all situations. Contingency leadership theories contend that there is no one best leadership style for all situations. Behavioral theories contributed to contingency theories b/c their basic leadership styles are used in contingency leadership models

The contingency leadership variables used to explain the appropriate leadership style are the leader, followers, amd situation. The leader factor is based on personality traits, behavior, and experience. The followers factor is based on capability and motivation. The situational factor is based on task, structure and environment.

Task and relationship. The variables include 1) the leader-follower relationship, 2) the leadership styles-task or relationship and 3) the situation- task structure and position power

The two major continuum leadership model styles are boss centered and subordinate centered. The variables include the 1) boss 2) the subordinates, and 3) the situation (time)

The path-goal leadership model styles include directive, supportive, participative, amd achievement- oriented. Variables used to determine leadership style are the subordinate and the environment

The 5 normative leadership models styles are decide, consult individually, consult group, facilitate, amd deligate. The combination model has 7 variables

The primary similarity between these theories is that their leadership styles are all based on the same two leadership concepts, , although they have different names. The major difference is that the contingency leadership models identify contingency variables on which to select the most appropriate behavioral leadership style for a given situation

1st difference is the # of leadership styles used in the 4 models which ranges from 2 (contingency) to 7 (continuum) 2nd difference is in the number of contingency variables used to select the appropriate leadership style, which ranges from 2 (path-goal) to 7 (normative) the 3rd difference is what is changed when using the model. When using the contingency as an example for emulation or use in a given model, the leader changes the situation; with the other three models, the leader changes behavior (leadership style) the 4th dofference is the desired outcome. Contingency and continuum leadership models focus on performance, and the path-goal model adds job satisfaction. The normative model focuses on decisions.

The contingency and normative leadership models are prescriptive models b/c they specify exactly which leadership style to use in a given situation. The continuum and path-goal leadership models are descriptive models because users select the appropriate leadership style for a given situation based on their own judgment

Substitutes for leadership include characteristics of the subordinate, task, amd organization that makes leadership behavior unnecessary or redundant; neutralizers reduce or limit the effectiveness of a leaders behavior