Ethics Chapter 5 Test Questions – Flashcards
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106. The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution has to do with a) freedom of speech and religion. b) search warrants. c) the right to bear arms. d) quartering of soldiers in private homes. e) self-incrimination.
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d) quartering of soldiers in private homes.
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107. Who wrote an influential paper in the 1890s urging that privacy rights be enacted into law? a) Benn and Brandeis b) Benn and Thomson c) Levine and Benn d) Thomson and Warren e) Warren and Brandeis
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e) Warren and Brandeis
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108. Who wrote that every violation of a "privacy right" is also a violation of another right? a) Stanley Benn b) Louis Brandeis c) Morton Levine d) Judith Jarvis Thomson e) Samuel Warren
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d) Judith Jarvis Thomson
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109. Most commentators cite the benefits of privacy as a reason why people ought to have some privacy rights. A right that benefits society is called a a) Constitutional right. b) legal right. c) natural right. d) prudential right. e) social right.
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d) prudential right.
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110. A public record contains information about an incident or action reported to a government agency for the purpose of a) enhancing public safety. b) informing the public. c) protecting the innocent. d) regulating the economy. e) upholding the law.
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b) informing the public.
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111. An example of a public record is a) a birth certificate. b) a marriage license. c) a deed to a house. d) a record of a criminal conviction. e) All of the above
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e) All of the above
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112. An RFID is a) a magnetic bar code. b) a microscopic bar code. c) a wireless transmitter. d) a biometric identification device. e) a random field interferometry device.
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c) a wireless transmitter.
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113. The OnStar system allows a) a vehicle owner to initiate a conversation with an OnStar representative. b) the vehicle to automatically send a message to an OnStar representative after an accident. c) an OnStar representative to disable the gas pedal of the vehicle without the driver's permission. d) a and b e) a, b, and c
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e) a, b, and c
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114. Flash cookies are controversial, in part, because a) they are commonly used by identify thieves to steal credit card numbers. b) they consume huge amounts of hard disk space. c) they allow online retailers such as Amazon.com to track online shopping on other Web sites. d) they are not controlled by the privacy controls of most Web browsers. e) All of the above
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d) they are not controlled by the privacy controls of most Web browsers.
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115. The process of searching through many records in one or more databases looking for patterns or relationships is called a) credit reporting. b) data mining. c) information gathering. d) microtargeting. e) pattern matching
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b) data mining.
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116. When information is put to another purpose, that is called a a) backdoor exploit. b) collaborative filter. c) cookie. d) data leveraging opportunity. e) secondary use of the data.
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e) secondary use of the data.
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117. A policy that requires the consumer to explicitly give permission before an organization can share information with another organization is called a) fair use. b) full disclosure. c) nondisclosure. d) opt-in. e) opt-out.
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d) opt-in.
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118. The practice of mailing advertisements only to the most likely prospects is called a) discriminatory mailing. b) focused mailing. c) mail list trimming.. d) predatory mailing. e) targeted direct mail.
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e) targeted direct mail.
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87. In 1890 Harvard-trained lawyers _______________ wrote a highly influential article in the Harvard Law Review stating that people in modern society have a right to privacy and that this right ought to be respected.
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Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis
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88. _______________ suggested that we do not have to define privacy rights because every "privacy right" violation is a violation of another right as well.
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Judith Jarvis Thomson
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89. A _____________ contains information about an incident or action reported to a government agency for the purpose of informing the public.
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public record
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90. With enhanced 911 service, cell phone providers are able to ________________ of active cell phone users.
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determine the location
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91. Manufacturers are replacing bar codes with ____________ tags because they give more information about the product and are easier to scan.
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RFIDs / RFID
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92. A __________ is a file containing information about your visits to a Web site that is placed on your computer's hard drive by a Web server
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cookie
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93. The process of searching through one or more databases, looking for patterns or relationships, is called ______________.
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data mining.
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94. When information collected for one purpose is put to another purpose, that is called a _____________ of the data.
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secondary use
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95. Thanks to ___________________, you can get a credit card from a bank or store with which you have never done business.
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the national credit bureau system / credit reports
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96. Privacy advocates have criticized Path, Twitter, Foursquare, and Instagram for producing apps that __________________________.
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gathered information from address books without asking for permission
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36. One of the provisions of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." Relate this provision to the definition of privacy elaborated in the book.
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BS
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37. Do you agree with Judith Jarvis Thomson that every "privacy right" violation is a violation of another right? Explain your position.
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Violations of privacy always come with a secondary consequence.
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38. Name several ways that a typical unmarried 20-year-old may have more privacy now than an unmarried 20-year-old would have had 200 years ago.
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BS
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39. Describe three modern information technology devices and how they may be used to decrease privacy.
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BS
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40. Modern information technology allows a great deal of information to be collected, stored, searched, and rapidly retrieved. Give an example of how this capability benefits society.
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Yelp
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41. Describe the Facebook Beacon service and explain why it raised privacy complaints after it was introduced
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Beacon was an opt-out service that broadcasted a facebook user's purchases to his friends, violating the privacy of the user.
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42. What was the Netflix prize? Why did Netflix's actions raise privacy concern?
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$1,000,000 prize to the group that could come up with an algorithm that was at least 10% better tgan Netflix's own algorith at predicting user ratings for movies. Privacy concerns were raised when 100 million ratings were released from nearly 500,000 customers, making the records no longer anonymous.
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43. Give two examples of how organizations are applying the techniques of data mining to information contained in social networks.
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Targeted emails and advertisements.
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44. Some online retailers are using information gathered about their customers to offer different prices to different people. What is your position on the morality of this strategy? Justify your answer.
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BS
