Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Vocabulary Words – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Photosynthesis
answer
The process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.
question
Autotrophs
answer
Organisms that are able to make their own food.
question
Heterotrophs
answer
Organisms that cannot make their own food.
question
Cellular Respiration
answer
The process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
question
Pigment
answer
A colored chemical compound that absorbs light, producing color.
question
Chlorophyll
answer
A green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates.
question
Carotenoid
answer
An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
question
Thykaloid
answer
Disk-shaped sac in the stroma of a chloroplast; site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
question
Electron Transport Chain
answer
Sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer electrons and release energy during cellular respiration.
question
NADPH
answer
Electron carrier that provides high-energy electrons for photosynthesis.
question
Carbon Dioxide Fixation
answer
The process by which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic compounds.
question
Calvin Cycle
answer
Reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars.
question
Aerobic
answer
A process that requires oxygen.
question
Anaerobic
answer
A process that does not require oxygen.
question
Gycolysis
answer
The process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate, through oxidation.
question
NADH
answer
Electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP.
question
Kerbs Cycle
answer
The stage of cellular respiration that finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing energy.
question
FADH
answer
An energy carrier that transport less energy than NADH but more than ATP; used in the Kerbs Cycle.
question
Fermentation
answer
The process by which cells break down organic molecules to release energy, without using oxygen.
question
Calorie
answer
A unit of the energy supplied by food.
question
NADP+
answer
One of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules.
question
ATP Synthase
answer
Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP.
question
Photosystem
answer
Light-collecting units of the chloroplast.
question
Stroma
answer
Thick fluid contained in the inner membrane of a chloroplast.
question
ATP
answer
Adenosine triphosphate; an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups.
question
ADP
answer
Adenosine diphosphate; molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups.
question
NAD+
answer
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism.
