AP Human Geography 1.1 – Flashcards
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Def: The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map. Sig: It will always cause distortion (direction, area, distance, shape and/or proximity.
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Projection
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Def: Problems created when flattening the Earth (in terms of distance, direction, area, shape & proximity Ex: The Mercator Projection heavily distorts area at the higher latitudes.
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Distortion
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Def: Size of something, refers to extent of an area being analyzed or discussed (local, global, etc.) Cartography: ratio of size of map to what it represents. Sig: Scales often interrelated (local affects global, vise versa) and vary (US is not wealthy but regions within are not.)
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Scale
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Def: Generally, a map scale that shows a relatively large area on the ground with a low level of detail.
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Small Scale
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Def: Generally, a map scale that shows a small area on the ground at a high level of detail.
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Large Scale
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Def: A map where area is transformed based on a statistical factor (not true land area) Ex: A _____________ of the US would increase the size of cites and shrink the size of rural areas based on population
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Cartogram Map
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Def: A thematic map in which a dot represents some frequency of the mapped variable Ex: Dots represented cholera deaths were placed on a map to show they clustered around specific infected water wells
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Dot Map
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Def: A thematic map where parts of the map are shaded differently based on a variable. Ex: The US red + blue map correspond based on whether states voted Republican or Democrat.
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Choropleth Map
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Def: A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value. Ex: A topographic map uses lines to reflect changing elevation.
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Isoline Map
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Def: A thematic map in which the size of a symbol varies in proportion to the frequency of intensity of the mapped varibable
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Proportional (Graduated) Symbol Map
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Def: A computer system that collects, stores, retrieves, and depicts spatial data form the real world. Ex: Google Maps
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Geographic Information System (GIS)
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Def: An example of a "satellite navigation system", helps determine absolute location
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Global Positioning System (GPS)
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Def: The Scanning of Earth's surface by satellite or a high-flying plane to obtain information Ex: See urban sprawl, shrinking ice caps, and deforestation
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Remote Sensing
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Geospatial, Qualitative, Quantitative
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Data
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Show land forms, represent Earth's terrain
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Physical Map
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"Map" distinct peoples' tangible and intangible cultural assets within local landscapes around the world.
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Cultural Map
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Map especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area. These maps can portray physical, social, political, cultural, economic, sociological, agricultural, or any other aspects of a city, state, region, nation, or continent"
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Thematic Map
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Little distortion but size at poles are greatly distorted
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Mercator Projection
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Good across oceans but land masses smaller
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Robinson Projection
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Shows Earth's landmasses without interruption, rendered by juxtaposing a grid of triangles on the globe and transferring the data to corresponding triangles
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Dymaxion Projection
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Def: The science or practice of drawing maps.
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Cartography
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Def: A group, body, or mass composed of many distinct parts.
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Aggregation
