AP human geography: Unit 1 – Flashcards
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absolute location
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position of an object on the global grid (latitude/longitude)
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anglocentric
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focused on the English culture
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azimuthal projection
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map that maintains direction, but distorts other properties
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cardinal directions
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North, South, East and West
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cartogram
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map that uses proportionality to show a particular variable
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cartography
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process of mapmaking
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choropleth thematic map
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map that shows a pattern of a variable by using various colors/degrees of shading
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cognitive map
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map drawn from memory
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conformal projection
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map that maintains shape but distorts other properties
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cultural ecology
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study of human-environment interaction
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data aggregation
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size of geographic units being represented on a map
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distance decay
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pattern in which the interaction between two places declines as the distance between the two places increases
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distortion
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necessary error resulting from trying to portray the earth on a flat map
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dot density map
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thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable
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equal-are projection
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map that maintains area, but distorts other properties
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equidistant projection
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map that maintains distance, but distorts other properties
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formal region
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region composed of areas that have a common cultural/physical feature
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4 main properties of a map
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shape (geometric shapes) size (space taken up) distance (represented distance between 2 points) direction (degree of accuracy with cardinal directions)
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friction of distance
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degree to which distance interferes with some interaction
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functional region
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group of places linked together by some influence (from a central place)
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geographic information system (GIS)
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computer program that stores geographic data and produces map to show the data
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geographic model
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simplified version of what is on the earth
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global positioning system (GPS)
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system of satellites used to determine exact location on the earth
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great circles
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cicles formed on the surface of the earth by plane routes. (the arc is the shortest distance between 2 points)
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greenwich mean time (GMT)
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baseline for time zones around the world
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human-environment interaction
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human's impact on the environment and the environment's impact on humans
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human geography
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branch of geography studying the reason behind the location/interactions of humans on the earth
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intermediate directions
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northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast
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isoline thematic map
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map displaying lines that connect points of equal value
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lines of latitude
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north-south from equator
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lines of longitude
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east-west of prime meridian
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map
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2-D model of the earth
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map scale
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relationship between distance on the map and the actual measurement in the real world
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mercator projection
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map showing shapes but drastically distorting size
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movement
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movement on the face of the earth of things
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node
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place from where diffusion of something happens
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perceptual region
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region whose boundaries are determined by beliefs
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gall-peters projection
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shows size, but not shape
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physical geography
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branch of geography that has to do with things of the earth (soil/climate/plants/etc.)
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place
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physical/cultural attributes that give each location on the earth its individual "stamp"
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5 themes of geography
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location (where something is) human-environment interaction (humans-environment) region (spatial units that share some characteristics) place(the attributes of a spot) movement (how things move)
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primary data
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data collected directly from someone
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proportional-symbol thematic map
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map that uses a symbol to display the frequency of a variable
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reference map
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map showing common features
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region
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places having similar characteristics
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relative directions
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common directions (up, down, left, right)
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relative location
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location of a place/object in relation to other places/objects
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remote sensing
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technique of obtaining information about objects through the study of data collected by special instruments that are not in physical contact with the objects being analyzed
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robinson projection
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map with slight distortions to all four properties, not just one
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secondary data
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data gathered from someone who got it from the geographer
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sense of place
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person's perception of that place
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simplification
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cartographers process of eliminating unnecessary details on a map
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site
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internal physical/cultural characteristics of a place
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situation
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location of a place relative to the physical/cultural characteristics around it
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space-time compression
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increasing sense of accessibility and connectivity that seems to be bringing humans in distance places closer together
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spatial interaction
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process in which goods, ideas, information and people move among places
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spatial perspective
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outlook through which geographers identify, explain and predict the human/physical patterns in space and the interconnectedness of different spaces
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thematic map
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map that zeroes in on one feature
